Table 3.
ANOVA results for the MEG-based auditory-evoked P1 response
| MTP | LPs (n = 49; 29 males, 20 females) | HPs (n = 53; 22 males, 31 females) | AD(H)D (n = 20; all males) | Significance of MTP | Significance of group | Post hoc comparisons of group | Significance of group for boys only | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 (R) amplitude (nAm) | 1 2 |
24.4 ± 1.5 31.2 ± 1.6 |
34.6 ± 1.4 34.5 ± 1.5 |
19 ± 2.3 29.1 ± 2.5 |
n.s. | F(2,119) = 28.6; p = 7.3 × 10−11; partial η2 = 0.32 | LP versus HP, p = 0.0003; LP versus AD(H)D, n.s.; HP versus AD(H)D, p = 7.8 × 10−6 | F(2,119) = 17.1; p = 9.8 × 10−7; partial η2 = 0.33 |
| P1 (L) amplitude (nAm) | 1 2 |
25.6 ± 1.4 32.6 ± 1.6 |
36.9 ± 1.3 36.8 ± 1.6 |
19.4 ± 2.2 28.6 ± 2.5 |
n.s. | F(2,119) = 3.6; p = 0.032; partial η2 = 0.06 | LP versus HP, n.s.; LP versus AD(H)D, n.s.; HP versus AD(H)D, p = 0.05 | n.s. |
| P1 (R) latency (ms) | 1 2 |
91 ± 2 87 ± 1 |
89 ± 2 81 ± 1 |
82 ± 2 79 ± 2 |
F(1,119) = 126.2; p = 2.1 × 10−20; partial η2 = 0.52 | F(2,119) = 4.6; p = 0.012; partial η2 = 0.07 | LP versus HP, n.s.; LP versus AD(H)D, p = 0.016; HP versus AD(H)D, n.s. | F(2,119) = 4.1; p = 0.02; partial η2 = 0.11 |
| P1 (L) latency (ms) | 1 2 |
96 ± 2 91 ± 2 |
92 ± 2 84 ± 2 |
103 ± 3 100 ± 3 |
F(1,119) = 81.2; p = 1 × 10−13; partial η2 = 0.41 | F(2,119) = 10.2; p = 8 × 10−5; partial η2 = 0.15 | LP versus HP, p = 0.04; LP versus AD(H)D, p = 0.05; HP versus AD(H)D, p = 1.3 × 10−4 | F(2,119) = 5.7; p = 0.005; partial η2 = 0.14 |
| P1 (R) latency reduction (ms) | 1–2 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | F(2,119) = 12.2; p = 1.6 × 10−5; partial η2 = 0.17 | LP versus HP, p = 8.6 × 10−4; LP versus AD(H)D, n.s.; HP versus AD(H)D, p = 2.1 × 10−4 | F(2,119) = 4.2; p = 0.019; partial η2= 0.11 | |
| P1 (L) latency reduction (ms) | 1–2 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 8.1 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 1.4 | F(2,119) = 5.9; p = 0.004; partial η2 = 0.09 | LP versus HP, p = 0.031; LP versus AD(H)D, n.s.; HP versus AD(H)D, p = 0.014 | n.s. | |
| Bilateral P1 asynchrony |R–L| (ms) | 1 2 |
7.4 ± 0.9 6.9 ± 1.0 |
4.4 ± 0.9 3.9 ± 1.0 |
22.9 ± 1.4 22.2 ± 1.6 |
n.s. | F(2,119) = 61.5; p = 4.6 × 10−19; partial η2 = 0.51 | LP versus HP, p= 0.016; LP versus AD(H)D, p = 8.4 × 10−6; HP versus AD(H)D, p = 6.4 × 10−7 | F(2,119) = 31.7; p = 1.9 × 10−10; partial η2 = 0.48 |
ANOVA group comparisons for MEG-based auditory-evoked P1. Right (R) and left (L) hemispheric amplitudes, latencies, and bilateral asynchronies at both MTPs and P1 latency reduction over time. P1 amplitude (nanoamperemeter; nAm) and latency (ms): Peak value and time point of the primary response arising from HG; Bilateral P1 asynchrony: P1 latency difference |R-L|; mean ± SEM. To test whether the unequal gender distributions in the three groups [all AD(H)D children were male] may be responsible for some of the observed effects, the right column shows the corresponding results for boys only.