Coherence of the respiratory cycle to activity at all brain sites is enhanced during activated states. A, Average coherence (±SEM) across experiments of the respiratory cycle to each brain site during REM-like brain states under URE anesthesia. Compared with nREM-like activity (Fig. 4F), all pairwise comparisons show significant (and enhanced coherence). Activated state changes increased respiratory coherence with all brain sites, between-states paired two-sample one-tailed t tests, †p < 0.05,††p < 0.01. B, Average coherence (±SEM) across experiments of the respiratory cycle to each brain site during REM sleep. Although no significant coupling appeared in either neocortical or hippocampal signals, there was a nonsignificant increase in the average levels of respiratory coherence compared with recordings during nREM sleep (Fig. 5F). Between-states paired two-sample one-tailed t tests, all p > 0.05. For both A and B, the numbers of subjects for averages are displayed above the symbols. The horizontal dotted line indicates the threshold for significant coherence, >0.21.