Figure 1.

Scoring of behavioral states. A, Example LFP traces from one cortical channel (S1BF) recorded during (top to bottom) AW, QW, and NREM. Note the predominance of lower frequencies and higher amplitude during NREM. B, Example single-session power spectra for the LFP channel shown in A during epochs characterized as AW (blue), QW (red), or NREM (green). In NREM, a theta peak is absent, whereas lower frequencies become more prominent. See the Materials and Methods for definitions of all criteria used to score behavioral states. C, Average SWA measured from epochs classified as AW, QW, or NREM, measured from the LFP channel shown in A and B. Note the strong increase during NREM epochs. D, Average total number of ripples reported from all hippocampal channels in each epoch (classified as AW, QW, or NREM). Ripples are mostly present in QW and NREM epochs. E, Example results from the motion tracking algorithm. The animal was either confined in a flower pot (left) or roaming in a figure-8 maze environment. Each blue dot represents the identified animal position in a video frame. F, Average body motion (measured as the average of pixel displacement for frames within single epochs) as a function of behavioral state (classified as AW, QW, or NREM). Motion is mostly confined to AW epochs, with remaining motion in QW and NREM being due to nonlocomotory activity (e.g., grooming) and noise level of the object tracking algorithm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Asterisks in C, D, and F indicate significant differences (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni correction).