Table 1.
Pretest and posttest performance and the effect sizes for pretest and posttest comparisons in the training group and the active and passive control groups in each task
| Task | Training group |
Active control group |
Passive control group |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretest | Posttest | d | Pretest | Posttest | d | Pretest | Posttest | d | |
| Dual n-back in mean achieved n-back levela | 2.68 (0.53) | 4.74 (1.05) | 2.48 | 2.45 (0.56) | 3.67 (0.83) | 1.72 | 2.59 (0.73) | 2.98 (0.87) | 0.49 |
| Single n-back in mean achieved n-back level | |||||||||
| Auditory | 3.32 (0.48) | 4.18 (0.47) | 1.81 | 3.06 (0.61) | 4.27 (0.36) | 2.42 | 3.32 (0.56) | 3.53 (0.50) | 0.40 |
| Visual | 3.62 (0.43) | 4.17 (0.36) | 1.39 | 3.31 (0.56) | 4.23 (0.46) | 1.80 | 3.46 (0.62) | 3.64 (0.48) | 0.32 |
| Dual WM updatingb performance in trials correct | 2.06 (1.35) | 3.67 (1.75) | 1.03 | 1.50 (1.15) | 1.89 (2.05) | 0.23 | 1.35 (1.32) | 1.71 (2.11) | 0.20 |
| Single WM updatingb performance in trials correct | |||||||||
| Auditory | 5.00 (2.09) | 6.39 (1.75) | 0.72 | 5.00 (2.52) | 6.11 (2.22) | 0.47 | 4.82 (2.04) | 6.18 (1.70) | 0.72 |
| Visual | 3.94 (2.26) | 5.06 (2.04) | 0.52 | 4.11 (2.05) | 5.56 (1.54) | 0.80 | 4.12 (2.18) | 4.88 (1.58) | 0.40 |
Data are shown as means (SD).
aTraining group includes 17 participants in the dual n-back task.
bPassive control group includes 17 participants in the WM updating tasks.