Local photoinhibition of MNs in the A5 segment dramatically reduces the frequency of motor waves. MN activity was analyzed by calcium imaging before (pre), during (stim), and after (post) the optical inhibition of MNs in A5. OK6-Gal4 was used to express GCaMP6m and UAS-NpHR3::mCherry in MNs. A, Representative plots of normalized fluorescent intensity in control (ATR−, left) and experimental (ATR+, right) groups. ROIs were made in a neuropile region surrounding the nerve root of A3, A5, and A7 in the side contralateral to the optical manipulation, and in the manipulated side of A5 as shown in Figure 2B. Yellow bars (60–120 s) indicate the duration of light stimulation. Enlarged plots in the dashed rectangle are shown in the inset. B–D, Changes in the frequency of motor waves (B), propagating duration (A6 to A4; C), and normalized baseline intensity in A5 (D) upon optical manipulation are plotted. E–G, Changes in baseline intensity in A5 (E), A3 (F), and A7 (G). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; B–D); ***p < 0.001 (Mann–Whitney U test; E–G).