Fig 1. Examples of tasks.

Examples of 3 tasks. All parameters remained the same for both children and adults except set size. Children were given the verbal prompts shown here, while adults were given instructions prior to the tasks. (A) In the N-back task, a series of cartoon animals were presented in an invisible grid. Participants responded whether the item that had appeared above the current item was the same or different than the current item. Set size (i.e., ‘N’) was identical to the number of columns. (B) In the Spatial Span task, participants saw a series of items filled in within a randomly-generated set of squares. They then reproduced the sequence they saw. (C) In Multiple Object Tracking (MOT), participants tracked several blue target faces moving amidst many yellow distractor faces. The targets then became identical to the distractors and all items continued to move. After 4 seconds of motion, one item was cued and the participant had to identify whether the cued item started as a blue or yellow face.