miR-143 is upregulated in the plasma of AIS patients and tMCAO mice. A, miR-143 expression levels in the serum of AIS patients were increased 5.01-fold compared with that in healthy controls. n = 26 individuals/group. ***p < 0.001, AIS versus control (Mann–Whitney Test). B, C, miR-143 expression levels in the serum of male (B) and female (C) AIS patients were increased compared with that in male and female healthy controls. n = 13 individuals/group. ***p < 0.001, male AIS versus male control. ***p < 0.001, female AIS versus female control (Mann–Whitney Test). D, Examination of miR-143 expression in brain tissues isolated from sham and tMCAO mice at 12 and 24 h after reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion); n = 6 mice/group. F(2,16) = 21.754: ***p < 0.001, 12 h tMCAO versus Sham. ***p < 0.001, 24 h tMCAO versus Sham (one-way ANOVA followed by the Holm–Sidak Test). E, Neurological deficit scores were significantly decreased in Mir-143+/− mice compared with those in WT mice at 24 h after tMCAO surgery. n = 8 mice/group. ***p < 0.001, Mir-143+/− versus WT (Student's t test). F, G, Infarct volumes were significantly decreased in Mir-143+/− tMCAO mice compared with those in WT tMCAO mice. Representative TTC-stained sections of mouse brains from WT or Mir-143+/− mice at 24 h after tMCAO surgery (F). Viable tissue is stained red, whereas damaged ischemic brain tissue appears unstained/white. Infarct volumes were quantified via TTC staining using ImageJ software (G). n = 5 mice/group. ***p < 0.001, Mir-143+/− versus WT (Student's t test). H, Expression of miR-143 in the ipsilateral side of Mir-143+/− mice under Sham and tMCAO conditions. n = 6 mice/group. F(3,8) = 38.341: **p = 0.008, WT tMCAO versus WT Sham. **p = 0.003, Mir-143+/− Sham versus WT Sham (one-way ANOVA followed by the Holm–Sidak Test). I, Expression of miR-143 in the serum of Mir-143+/− mice under sham and tMCAO conditions. F(3,8) = 64.673: ***p < 0.001, WT tMCAO versus WT Sham. **p = 0.002, Mir-143+/− Sham versus WT Sham (one-way ANOVA followed by the Holm–Sidak Test).