TABLE 1. Average annual number and rate of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers and estimated percentage and annual number of cancers attributable to HPV, by HPV type, cancer type, and sex — United States,* 2012–2016.
| Cancer type | Reported HPV-associated cancers† |
Estimated no.§ (%) of cancers attributable to HPV types¶ |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total no.** | Rate†† | 9vHPV-targeted | Other HPV | HPV-negative | |
|
Cervix
|
12,015 |
7.2 |
9,700 (81) |
1,200 (10) |
1,100 (9) |
|
Vagina
|
862 |
0.4 |
600 (73) |
0 (2) |
300 (25) |
|
Vulva
|
4,009 |
2.1 |
2,500 (63) |
300 (6) |
1,200 (31) |
|
Penis
|
1,303 |
0.8 |
700 (57) |
100 (6) |
500 (37) |
|
Anus
|
6,810 |
1.8 |
6,000 (88) |
200 (3) |
600 (9) |
| Female |
4,539 |
2.3 |
4,100 (90) |
100 (2) |
300 (8) |
| Male |
2,270 |
1.3 |
1,900 (83) |
100 (6) |
300 (11) |
|
Oropharynx
|
19,000 |
4.9 |
12,600 (66) |
900 (5) |
5,500 (29) |
| Female |
3,460 |
1.7 |
2,100 (60) |
100 (3) |
1,300 (37) |
| Male |
15,540 |
8.5 |
10,500 (68) |
800 (5) |
4,200 (28) |
|
Total
|
43,999
|
12.2
|
32,100 (73)
|
2,700 (6)
|
9,200 (21)
|
|
Female
|
24,886
|
13.7
|
19,000 (76)
|
1,700 (7)
|
4,200 (17)
|
| Male | 19,113 | 10.6 | 13,100 (69) | 1,000 (5) | 5,000 (26) |
Abbreviations: 9vHPV = 9-valent HPV vaccine; ICD-O-3 = International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition.
* Compiled from population-based cancer registries that participate in the CDC National Program of Cancer Registries, and/or the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and meet the criteria for high data quality for all years during 2012–2016, covering 100% of the U.S. population.
† HPV-associated cancers were defined as invasive cancers at anatomic sites with cell types in which HPV DNA frequently is found. All cancers were histologically confirmed. Cervical cancers (ICD-O-3 site codes C53.0–C53.9) are limited to carcinomas (ICD-O-3 histology codes 8010–8671, 8940–8941). Vaginal (ICD-O-3 site code C52.9), vulvar (ICD-O-3 site codes C51.0–C51.9), penile (ICD-O-3 site codes C60.0–60.9), anal (ICD-O-3 site codes C20.9, C21.0–C21.9) and oropharyngeal (ICD-O-3 site codes C01.9, C02.4, C02.8, C05.1, C05.2, C09.0, C09.1, C09.8, C09.9, C10.0, C10.1, C10.2, C10.3, C10.4, C10.8, C10.9, C14.0, C14.2, and C14.8) cancer sites are limited to squamous cell carcinomas (ICD-O-3 histology codes 8050–8084, 8120–8131).
§ HPV-attributable cancers are cancers that are probably caused by HPV (https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/107/6/djv086/872092). Estimates for attributable fraction were based on studies that used population-based data from cancer tissue studies to estimate the percentage of those cancers probably caused by HPV. The estimated number of cancers attributable to HPV was calculated by multiplying the number of reported HPV-associated cancer cases by the percentage of each cancer type attributable to HPV. The total of HPV-attributable cancers is the sum of cancers attributable to types included in the 9vHPV and cancers attributable to other HPV types (e.g. 32,100 + 2,700 = 34,800). Estimated counts were rounded to the nearest 100 (counts <100 are not displayed) and might not sum to total because of rounding.
¶ “9vHPV-targeted” types include oncogenic HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. “Other HPV” includes other oncogenic HPV types. “HPV-negative” cancers are those that occur at anatomic sites in which HPV-associated cancers are often found, but HPV DNA was not detected.
** The total reported count is the annual count averaged over the 5-year period and might not sum to total because of rounding.
†† Rates are per 100,000 persons; age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.