Table 1. Antitumor substances conjugated with GNPs.
| Drugs | Particles | Methods of functionalization | Auxiliary substances | Cell lines or animals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paclitaxel | Gold nanospheres, 26 nm | Paclitaxel-SH | PEG-SH TNF |
MC-38; C57/BL6 mice implanted with B16/F10 melanoma cells |
| Methotrexate | Gold nanospheres, 13 nm | Physical adsorption | – | LL2, ML-1, MBT-2, TSGH 8301, TCC-SUP, J82, PC-3, HeLa |
| Daunorubicin | Gold nanospheres, 5 nm, 16 nm | Mercaptopropionic acid as a linker | – | K562/ADM |
| Gemcitabine | Gold nanospheres, 5 nm | Physical adsorption | Cetuximab | PANC-1, AsPC-1, MIA Paca2 |
| 6-Mercaptopurine | Gold nanospheres, 5 nm | Physical adsorption | – | K-562 |
| Dodecylcysteine | Gold nanospheres, 3-6 nm | Physical adsorption | – | EAC |
| 5-Fluorouracil | Gold nanospheres, 2 nm | Thiol ligand | – | MCF-7 |
| Pt(IV) pro drug | Gold nanospheres, 13 nm | Amide linkages | DNA | HeLa, U2OS, PC3 |
| Cisplatin | Gold nanospheres, 5 nm | PEG-SH as a linker | Folic acid, PEG-SH | OV-167, OVCAR-5, HUVEC, OSE |
| Oxaliplatin | Gold nanospheres, 30 nm | PEG-SH as a linker | PEG-SH | A549, HCT116, HCT15, HT29, RKO |
| Kahalalide F | Gold nanospheres, 20 nm, 40 nm | Physical adsorption | – | HeLa |
| Tamoxifen | Gold nanospheres, 25 nm | PEG-SH as a linker | PEG-SH | MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HSC-3 |
| Herceptin | Gold nanorods | Mercaptoundecanoic acid as a linker | – | BT474, SKBR3, MCF-7 |
| β-Lapachon | Gold nanospheres, 25 nm | Physical adsorption | Cyclodextrin as a drug pocket, anti-EGFR, PEG-SH | MCF-7 |
| Doxorubicin | Gold nanospheres, 12 nm | Physical adsorption | Folate-modified PEG | KB |
| Prospidin | Gold nanospheres, 50 nm | Physical adsorption | – | HeLa |
| Docetaxel | Gold nanospheres, 2.5 nm | Bromododecanethiol | – | MCF-7, HCT15 |
| Curcumin | Gold nanospheres, 60 nm, 120 nm | Direct synthesis | Hyaluronic acid, Folate-modified PEG | HeLa, Caco-2 |
| Capecitabine | Gold nanospheres, 4 nm | Physical adsorption | – | Hepatocellular carcinoma biopsy |
| Chloroquine | Gold nanospheres, 7 nm | Mercaptoundecanoic acid as a linker | – | MCF-7 |
| Berberine hydrochloride | Gold nanospheres, 20-60 nm | Physical adsorption | Folic acid | Vero, HeLa |
| Bortezomib | Gold nanospheres, 35 nm | Physical adsorption | PEG-SH | S2-013, hTERT-HPNEs |
| Cetuximab | Gold nanospheres, 25 nm | PEG-SH as a linker | p-SCN-Bz-DOTA | A549 tumor xenograft mouse |
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | Gold nanospheres, 70-130 nm | Physical adsorption | – | B16F10 |
| Imatinib | Gold nanospheres, 100 nm | Layer-by-layer assembly with polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene imine | – | B16F10 |
| Epirubicin | Gold nanospheres, 130 nm | Physical adsorption | Folic acid | MCF-7 |
| Metelimumab | Gold nanospheres, 50, 80, 100, 200, 400 nm; Gold nanorods; Gold nanostars; Gold nanocubes | Mercaptopropionic acid as a linker | Methotrexate, folic acid | MDA-MB-231 |
| Indole-3-carbinol | Gold nanospheres, 3 nm | Direct synthesis | – | EAC, DAL |
| Mitoxantrone | Gold nanorods | Thio-amino PEG | Folic acid | HeLa, C6, L929 |
| Bleomycin | Gold nanospheres, 13 nm | Dicarboxylic PEG as a linker | Doxorubicin | HeLa |