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. 2019 Aug 22;14(8):e0221671. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221671

Fig 1. ROS production and ATP synthesis.

Fig 1

(A) ROS production in parental cells. After Cells were grown in DMEM-glucose or DMEM-galactose medium for 24 h and ROS were measured using DCFH-DA fluorescent dye. Data expressed as DCF fluorescence/mg protein. (B) ROS production in cybrid cells. (C) Mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate in parental cells. ATP synthesis was driven by complex I substrates (glutamate plus malate) or complex II substrate (succinate) in the presence of complex I inhibitor (rotenone). The rates of ATP synthesis are expressed as nmoles ATP/min/mg protein. (D) Mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate in cybrids. (E) Western blot analysis of representative protein subunits of the mitochondria respiratory complexes in cybrids. Core 2 (complex III) band is taken from the same blot as Ip (complex II), F1α (complex V) and the corresponding β-actin loading control, but after a higher exposure. The ND6 (complex I) bands are taken from the same blot as the corresponding β-actin loading control. β-actin and porin were used as loading controls for the nuclear and mitochondrial proteins respectively.