Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction through Recreational Group Sport Interventions in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Study Authors	Population Mean age (yrs)/Sex/n	Intervention	Training Program Duration (months); Dose (mins/week)	Location (Country)
Andersen et al. 2010²⁶	46.7/ M/ 13	Soccer	3; 120	Denmark
	47.8/ M/ 9	Control	-	Denmark
Andersen et al. 2014 – A²⁵	45.8/ M/ 20	Soccer	6; 120	Denmark
	46.9/ M/ 11	Control	-	Denmark
Andersen et al. 2014 – B³¹	50.6/ M/ 10	Soccer	6; 120	Denmark
	48.7/ M/ 8	Control	-	Denmark
Andersen et al. 2014 – C³³	68/ M/ 9	Soccer	4; 120	Denmark
	69.1/ M/ 9	Strength Training	4; 120	Denmark
	67.4/ M/ 8	Control	-	Denmark
Andersen et al. 2016³⁴	68/ M/ 9	Soccer	12; 120–180	Denmark
	69.1/ M/ 9	Resistance Training	12; 120–180	Denmark
	67.4/ M/ 8	Control	-	Denmark
Bangsbo et al. 2010⁷⁶	37/ M/ 21	Soccer	4; 120	Denmark
	37/ M/ 18	Running	4; 120	Denmark
	33/M/ 12	Control	-	Denmark
Barene et al. 2014 – A³⁵	44.1/ F/ 37	Soccer	3;120–180	Norway
	45.9/ F/ 35	Zumba	3;120–180	Norway
	47.4/ F/ 35	Control	-	Norway
Barene et al. 2014 – B³⁶	44.1/ F/37	Soccer	10; 60–120	Norway
	45.9/ F/ 35	Zumba	10; 60–120	Norway
	47.4/ F/ 35	Control	-	Norway
Connolly et al. 2014³⁷	39/ F/ 13	Soccer	4; 30	-
	40/ F/ 17	Vibration Training	4; 30	-
	40/ F/ 14	Control	-	-
de Sousa et al. 2014³²	61/ F-9 M-10	Soccer + Dietary Counseling	3; 120	Brazil
	61/ F-10 M-5	Dietary Counseling	3; 120	Brazil
Filliau et al. 2014⁷⁷	44.4/ F-10 M-10	Rugby	3; 90	France
Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. 2010²⁷	37/ M/ 15	Soccer	3; 180	Switzerland
	36/M/ 15	Running	3; 180	Switzerland
	38/ M/ 17	Control	-	Switzerland
Krustrup et al. 2009⁷²	30/ M/ 12	Soccer	3; 180	Denmark
	31/ M/10	Running	3; 180	Denmark
	30/ M/ 10	Control	-	Denmark
Krustrup et al. 2010 – A³⁹	40/ F/ 7	Soccer	16;120	Denmark
	40/ F/ 8	Running	16;120	Denmark
	38/ F/ 7	Control	-	Denmark
Krustrup et al. 2010 – B⁷⁸	37/ F/21	Soccer	4; 120	Denmark
	37/ F/ 17	Running	4; 120	Denmark
	33/ F/ 14	Control	-	Denmark
Krustrup et al. 2013²⁸	46/ M/ 22	Soccer	6; 120	Denmark
	47/ M/ 11	Control	-	Denmark
Milancovic et al. 2015⁴¹	-/ M/ 20	Soccer	3; 180	Serbia
	-/ M/ 21	Running	3; 180	Serbia
	-/ M/ 23	Control	-	Serbia
Mendham et al. 2015⁴⁰	46.8/ M/ 10	Rugby	2; 180	Australia
	49.5/ M/ 11	Cycling	2; 180	Australia
	49.2/ M/ 11	Control	-	Australia
Mohr et al. 2014²⁹	45/ F/ 21	Soccer	3.75; 180	-
	43/ F/ 20	Control	-	-
Randers et al. 2010⁷⁹	31/ M/10	Soccer	16;120	Denmark
	32/ M/ 7	Control	-	Denmark
Randers et al. 2012²⁴	37/ M/ 22	Soccer	3; 180	Denmark
	43/ M/ 10	Control	-	Denmark
Schmidt et al. 2013³⁰	50.6/ M/ 10	Soccer	6; 120	Denmark
	48.7/ M/ 8	Control	-	Denmark
Schmidt et al. 2014⁴²	68/ M/ 9	Soccer	12;120–180	Denmark
	69.1/ M/ 9	Resistance Training	12; 120–180	Denmark
	67.4/ M/ 8	Control	-	Denmark
Abbreviations: yrs-years - Denotes that data was not reported, not applicable, or insufficient to carry out analyses. Some studies included an additional intervention arm of an alternative exercise; these were not included in any pooled effect estimates.

Study Authors	Weight (kg)	BMI (kg/m²)	WC (cm)	Body Fat (%)	LDL (mmol/L)	HDL (mmol/L)
Andersen et al. 2010²⁶				−1.4 (4.3)	0.1 (1.1)	0 (0.4)
	-	-	-	−0.1 (6.2)	0.6 (0.9)	0.1 (0.3)
Andersen et al. 2014 – A²⁵	-	-	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-	-	-
Andersen et al. 2014 – B³¹	−1.1 (13.4)	−0.3 (3.2)	-	−1.5 (3.6)	-	-
	0.5 (18)	0.3 (6.5)	-	−0.2 (10.8)	-	-
Andersen et al. 2014 – C³³	−1.1 (9.3)	−0.4 (3.6)	-	−1.1 (7.2)	−0.2 (0.8)	0.1 (0.3)
	−0.3 (11.8)	−0.1 (2.9)	-	−1.5 (6.6)	−0.1 (0.6)	0.1 (0.3)
	−0.5 (12.1)	−0.2 (4.4)	-	−0.2 (5.1)	−0.2 (0.6)	0 (0.3)
Andersen et al. 2016³⁴	−2.3 (9.3)	−0.8 (3.5)	-	−1.6 (7.1)	0 (0.9)	0.2 (0.3)
	−0.2 (12)	−0.1 (2.9)	-	−1.2 (6.9)	0.2 (0.6)	0.3 (0.5)
	1 (12)	0.3 (4.5)	-	0.4 (4.8)	0.1 (0.7)	0 (0.3)
Bangsbo et al. 2010⁷⁶	-	-	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-	-	-
Barene et al. 2014 – A³⁵	2 (0.3)	-	-	2.2 (0.4)	-	-
	1.9 (0.3)	-	-	2.3 (0.4)	-	-
	-	-	-	-	-	-
Barene et al. 2014 – B³⁶	−1.1 (3.5)	-	-	−1.2 (2.8)	−0.1 (0.8)	0 (0.3)
	−2.1 (3.7)	-	-	−1.3 (2.9)	−0.2 (0.9)	0 (0.3)
	-	-	-	-	-	-
Connolly et al. 2014³⁷	−0.6 (2.7)	-	-	−1.7 (2.4)	-	-
	0.2 (2.1)	-	-	0.4 (1.8)	-	-
	0 (2.1)	-	-	−0.2 (2)	-	-
de Sousa et al. 2014³²	3.7 (0.6)	−1.4 (4.4)	−5.4 (0.9)	2.4 (0.4)	−0.4 (0.2)	0 (0.4)
	4.7 (0.7)	−1.8 (4.3)	−6.2 (0.4)	2.4 (0.4)	0.3 (1.2)	0 (0.4)
Filliau et al. 2014⁷⁷	0 (10.6)	-	-	0 (7.4)	-	-
Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. 2010²⁷	−1.6 (1.8)	-	−3.3 (8)	−2 (4.3)	−0.1 (1)	0.1 (0.4)
	−1.5 (2.1)	-	−1.3 (8.1)	−1.4 (4.2)	0 (0.8)	0 (0.4)
	−0.2 (13.4)	-	−0.4 (10.6)	0.1 (7.2)	−0.1 (0.9)	0.1 (0.4)
Krustrup et al. 2009⁷²	−1.1 (9.7)	−0.3 (2.8)	-	−2.9 (7.6)	−0.4 (0.6)	0.1 (0.3)
	−1 (17)	−0.3 (4.6)	-	−1.7 (5.2)	−0.1 (0.8)	0.1 (0.3)
	0 (11.8)	0 (3.5)	-	−0.2 (8.7)	0 (0.6)	0 (0.3)
Krustrup et al. 2010 - A³⁹	−0.5 (8.3)	−0.3 (3.3)	-	−1.7 (4.9)	-	-
	−1.5 (7.5)	−0.7 (2.6)	-	−1.9 (7.2)	-	-
	−0.5 (11)	−0.2 (3.9)	-	−0.8 (6.9)	-	-
Krustrup et al. 2010 - B⁷⁸	0.3 (10.5)	0.2 (4.1)	-	−2 (5.7)	−0.2 (0.8)	0.1 (0.5)
	0.2 (7.4)	−1 (3.4)	-	−1.7 (6.8)	0 (0.8)	0.1 (0.4)
	−0.7 (9)	−0.2 (3.2)	-	−0.8 (6.2)	0.1 (0.7)	0.1 (0.4)
Krustrup et al. 2013²⁸	-	-	-	−2.2 (21.5)	−0.3 (0.8)	−0.1 (0.4)
	-	-	-	−1 (21.1)	0.3 (0.9)	0.1 (0.3)
Milancovic et al. 2015⁴¹	−5.8 (8.3)	−1.9 (2.2)	-	−4.7 (3)	-	-
	−5.7 (5.4)	−1.8 (1.9)	-	−4.4 (2.9)	-	-
	2.6 (12.3)	0.8 (3)	-	−1.6 (4)	-	-
Mendham et al. 2015⁴⁰	−0.2 (13.5)	0 (2.9)	−2.8 (7.1)	−1(3.1)	-	0 (0.3)
	−0.5 (12.4)	−0.2 (3.9)	−1.3 (8.9)	−0.8 (6.2)	-	0 (0.3)
	0.2 (11)	−0.1 (3.2)	−0.6 (8.6)	1 (7)	-	0 (0.5)
Mohr et al. 2014²⁹	−1.4 (0.5)	-	-	−2.1 (3.2)	-	-
	1 (1.4)	-	-	−0.5 (1.8)	-	-
Randers et al. 2010⁷⁹	−1.5 (7.1)	-	-	−3.8 (8.1)	−0.2 (0.6)	0.1 (0.3)
	0.7 (18.2)	-	-	−0.6 (12.7)	0.2 (1)	0 (0.5)
Randers et al. 2012²⁴	−0.7 (16.6)	−0.3 (3.8)	-	−1.9 (8.6)	−0.4 (0.6)	0 (0.4)
	0.6 (16.1)	0.2 (4.2)	-	0.1 (8)	−0.1 (0.8)	−0.1 (0.1)
Schmidt et al. 2013³⁰	−1.1 (14.7)	−0.4 (3.4)	-	-	−0.3 (0.9)	0.1 (0.3)
	0.5 (19.1)	0.3 (7)	-	-	0.2 (1)	0.1 (0.3)
Schmidt et al. 2014⁴²	-	-	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-	-	-
Abbreviations: BMI- Body mass index, WC- waist circumference, LDL- low density lipoprotein, HDL:-high density lipoprotein

Study Authors	Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)	Triglycerides (mmol/L)	SBP (mm Hg)	DBP (mm Hg)	RHR (beats/min)	VO₂ Max (mL/min/kg)
Andersen et al. 2010²⁶	0 (1.1)	−0.2 (0.7)	−12 (10.8)	−7 (3.6)	−12 (7.2)	2.5 (5.3)
	0.5 (1.1)	−0.3 (1.2)	−5 (7.9)	−3 (6)	1 (9)	−1.1 (5.7)
Andersen et al. 2014 – A²⁵	-	-	-	-	−8 (12.5)	8 (12.2)
	-	-	-	-	−3 (4.5)	2 (11.6)
Andersen et al. 2014 – B³¹	-	-	-	-	-	3.6 (9.9)
	-	-	-	-	-	0.2 (7.1)
Andersen et al. 2014 – C³³	−0.1 (1.1)	0.1 (0.3)	-	-	-	3.8 (6)
	−0.3 (0.8)	0.1 (0.3)	-	-	-	0.8 (4.9)
	−0.3 (0.7)	0.1 (0.5)	-	-	-	−0.7 (5.9)
Andersen et al. 2016³⁴	−0.5 (0.9)	0 (0.3)	-	-	-	-
	−0.5 (0.6)	0.1 (0.5)	-	-	-	-
	−0.1 (0.8)	0.2 (0.7)	-	-	-	-
Bangsbo et al. 2010⁷⁶	-	-	-	-	-	5 (5)
	-	-	-	-	-	3.6 (5.7)
	-	-	-	-	-	-
Barene et al. 2014 – A³⁵	-	-	10.7 (1.8)	7.8 (1.3)	-	3.9 (0.6)
	-	-	10.6 (1.8)	7.5 (1.3)	-	3.8 (0.6)
	-	-	-	-	-	-
Barene et al. 2014 – B³⁶	0 (0.9)	0 (0.6)	−0.3 (11.6)	0.8 (8.2)	-	1.1 (4)
	−0.2 (0.9)	0.1 (0.9)	−2.1 (11.5)	0.6 (8)	-	2.2 (3.9)
	-	-	-	-	-	-
Connolly et al. 2014³⁷	-	-	2 (14.1)	1 (10.5)	−4 (8)	-
	-	-	−3 (15.4)	−1 (10.1)	−2 (11)	-
	-	-	1 (16.5)	0 (10.5)	−3 (7.9)	-
de Sousa et al. 2014³²	−0.6 (0.9)	−0.4 (0.4)	-	-	-	-
	0.4 (1.2)	0.1 (1)	-	-	-	-
Filliau et al. 2014⁷⁷	-	-	−19 (20.4)	−7.5 (12)	−4.8 (10.4)	2.3 (6.6)
Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. 2010²⁷	−0.3 (1.1)	-	-	−9 (5)	−7 (10.6)	4 (4.5)
	−0.1 (0.9)	-	-	−4 (6)	−9 (6.2)	5.5 (5)
	−0.2 (1.1)	-	-	-	−6 (8)	0.4 (5.7)
Krustrup et al. 2009⁷²	−0.2 (0.7)	-	−8 (6.9)	−5 (6.9)	−6 (6)	5 (4.7)
	−0.3 (1.1)	-	−8 (11.4)	−2 (8.4)	−6 (6.3)	2.9 (7.1)
	0 (0.8)	-	−2 (8.4)	2 (9.5)	1 (9.5)	−0.3 (8.1)
Krustrup et al. 2010 – A³⁹	-	-	−3 (11.5)	−3 (12.1)	−7 (7)	4.8 (4.4)
	-	-	−6 (10.2)	0 (8.5)	−7 (7.5)	4.5 (6.9)
	-	-	−6 (9.5)	−4 (7.9)	−1 (10.6)	0.5 (4.9)
Krustrup et al. 2010 – B⁷⁸	−0.1 (0.8)	−0.1 (0.5)	−7 (9.2)	−4 (9.2)	−5 (4.6)	-
	−0.1 (0.7)	0.1 (0.2)	−7 (8.2)	−3 (8.2)	−6 (8.2)	-
	0.2 (0.7)	0.1 (0.6)	−2 (7.5)	−2 (7.5)	0 (7.5)	-
Krustrup et al. 2013²⁸	-	-	−13 (9)	8 (6)	−8 (11)	2.8 (2.9)
	-	-	-	-	−3 (9)	−0.8 (1.8)
Milancovic et al. 2015⁴¹	-	-	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mendham et al. 2015⁴⁰	−0.2 (1)	0.1 (0.7)	-	-	-	4.2 (2.7)
	−0.2 (0.8)	0 (0.6)	-	-	-	3.9 (3.8)
	0 (0.9)	0.2 (0.6)	-	-	-	−0.8 (5.3)
Mohr et al. 2014²⁹	−0.4 (0.5)	−0.2 (0.5)	−12 (13.7)	−6 (9.2)	−7 (9.2)	-
	0.1 (0.9)	0.3 (0.9)	−1 (4.5)	1 (8.9)	−3 (8.9)	-
Randers et al. 2010⁷⁹	0 (0.6)	−0.2 (0.7)	−8 (6.3)	−3 (6.3)	−8 (8.4)	3.1 (3.6)
	0.1 (1)	−0.4 (1.4)	−2 (7.3)	3 (7.9)	3 (7)	−0.9 (8.7)
Randers et al. 2012²⁴	−0.1 (1.3)	0.1 (0.6)	0 (11.5)	−2 (9)	4 (9.5)	3.9 (3.5)
	0.1 (1.2)	0.1 (0.8)	3 (14.8)	1 (9.2)	3 (13.5)	−0.3 (1.9)
Schmidt et al. 2013³⁰	−0.2 (0.9)	0.3 (0.7)	−9 (15.5)	−8 (7)	−6 (8.7)	3.6 (3.1)
	0.3 (1.2)	0.3 (0.7)	3 (16.4)	0 (9.8)	2 (19)	0.5 (7.8)
Schmidt et al. 2014⁴²	-	-	-	-	−8 (9.2)	-
	-	-	-	-	−2 (4.4)	-
	-	-	-	-	−2 (5.3)	-
Abbreviations: TG-triglycerides, SBP-systolic blood pressure, DBP-diastolic blood pressure

Study Authors	Fasting Blood Glucose (mmol/L)	Fasting Insulin (umol/L)	HbAlc (%)	HOMA-IR
Andersen et al. 2010²⁶
	-	-	-	-
Andersen et al. 2014 – A²⁵	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Andersen et al. 2014 – B³¹	−1 (2.1)	−6.7 (27.1)	−0.4 (0.9)	−0.9 (1.7)
	0.9 (2.3)	−1.3 (22.4)	0 (1.1)	0.8 (1.7)
Andersen et al. 2014 – C³³	0.1 (0.5)	−7 (13.1)	0.1 (0.3)	−0.3 (0.5)
	−0.1 (0.5)	−6 (15.9)	0 (0.3)	−0.3 (0.8)
	0.1 (0.6)	−8 (25.1)	0.1 (0.3)	−0.3 (1.2)
Andersen et al. 2016³⁴	0 (0.5)	−9 (13.1)	0 (0.3)	−0.4 (0.5)
	0.1 (0.5)	−5 (16.7)	0 (0.3)	−0.2 (0.8)
	0.2 (0.5)	0 (33.3)	0 (0.3)	0 (1.6)
Bangsbo et al. 2010⁷⁶	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Barene et al. 2014 – A³⁵	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Barene et al. 2014 – B³⁶	0.1 (0.8)	-	-	-
	−0.2 (1.4)	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Connolly et al. 2014³⁷	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
de Sousa et al. 2014³²	−0.4 (0.4)	−2.2 (7.3)	−1 (1.2)	−1.7 (2.7)
	−0.4 (0.8)	−0.8 (8.3)	−0.8 (1)	−1.2 (3.1)
Filliau et al. 2014⁷⁷	-	-	-	-
Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. 2010²⁷	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Krustrup et al. 2009⁷²	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Krustrup et al. 2010 - A³⁹	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Krustrup et al. 2010 - B⁷⁸	0 (0.8)	2.2 (20.8)	-	-
	−0.4 (0.8)	2 (11.8)	-	-
	0.1 (0.7)	11.9 (17.6)	-	-
Krustrup et al. 2013²⁸	0 (0.8)	−4 (37.2)	-	-
	−0.3 (0.9)	19 (58.9)	-	-
Milancovic et al. 2015⁴¹	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Mendham et al. 2015⁴⁰	−0.3 (0.6)	−15.3 (41.6)	−0.3 (0.4)	−0.6 (1.5)
	−0.1 (0.7)	−4.9 (44.1)	−0.3 (0.6)	−0.1 (1.9)
	0 (0.9)	9 (52.7)	0 (0.4)	0.3 (2)
Mohr et al. 2014²⁹	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Randers et al. 2010⁷⁹	−0.2 (0.5)	-	-	-
	0 (0.6)	-	-	-
Randers et al. 2012²⁴	0.1 (0.6)	5 (25.2)	-	-
	−0.2 (0.6)	11 (30.3)	-	-
Schmidt et al. 2013³⁰	-	-	−0.4 (1.2)	-
	-	-	0 (1.2)	-
Schmidt et al. 2014⁴²	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
	-	-	-	-
Abbreviations: Hba1c-hemoglobin A1c, HOMA-IR-homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance

Table 1.