Table 2:

Overview of aims and main components of the LACE studies (2015-2017)

Phase	Main aims	Components of study
LACE-1 2015-2016	To describe barriers to LPG adoption and greater use. To describe LPG and other cooking fuel use. To measure PM2.5 levels and exposure	Census and survey-based data covering demographics, primary fuel use and stacking, factors influencing use and views about LPG including affordability, health, and burns (n=1577). In-depth qualitative interviews (n=30) and FGDs (n=3) with households from 3 different fuel using groups (LPG primary, biomass exclusive and mixed) to gain further understanding of factors influencing use and views about LPG. In-depth interviews (n=10) with LPG stakeholders in Limbe and Buea areas to gain understanding of the local market. Measured PM2.5 (kitchen, women cooks, and children) for users of wood (exclusively) and LPG (exclusive and mixed) (n=60) Use of stoves (including where stacking taking place) using time-activity diaries and stove use monitors (n=40)
LACE-2 2016-2017	To test interventions designed to address major barriers identified in LACE-1 To further explore experience on LPG adoption and use through photovoice participatory methods	A 6-month micro loan pilot study (n=150) was conducted in partnership with GLPGP and the women’s community loan organisation (MUFFA3) to assist with the purchase of an LPG start-up kit. Evaluation included loan repayment, LPG use and PM2.5 impacts (sub-sample n=35). A 6-month randomised trial (n=140) of using pressure-cookers for foods requiring extended cooking time was carried out among existing partial users of LPG, with evaluation of acceptability and change in LPG use.