Table 1.

Commonly used GLCM-based features.

Statistic	Formula
Correlation	${\displaystyle {\sum }_{i,j}\frac{\left(i-{\mu }_i\right)\left(j-{\mu }_j\right)p_{ij}}{{\sigma }_i{\sigma }_j}}$
Energy	${\displaystyle {\sum }_{i,j}{p}_{ij}^2}$
Contrast	${\displaystyle {\sum }_{i,j}{\left|i-j\right|}^2{p}_{ij}}$
Entropy	${\displaystyle {\sum }_{i,j}{p}_{ij}\log \left(p_{ij}\right)}$
Homogeneity	${\displaystyle {\sum }_{i,j}\frac{p_{ij}}{1+|i-j{|}^2}}$

Notes:

P_ij = (ij)^th entry in normalized GLCM

μ_i = mean of row i in normalized GLCM

μ_j = mean of column j in normalized GLCM

σ_i = standard deviation of row i in normalized GLCM

σ_j = standard deviation of column j in normalized GLCM