Table 3.
Cocaine and HIV effects for gray matter activations in response to increasing gains and losses (N=69)
| Region of activation | MNI coordinates (x, y, z) at peak |
Vol (mm3) |
Max Z Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gain-related activations | |||
| COC+ > COC- | |||
| L posterior precuneus | −12, −56, 16 | 2,344 | 3.52* |
| L medial frontal pole/frontal medial cortex (VMPFC), paracingulate/anterior cingulate (ACC) | −10, 60, −4 | 1,688 | 3.53* |
| L superior temporal gyrus, planum temporale, central opercular cortex | −66, −24, 6 | 872 | 3.56 |
| R precentral gyrus | 54, −2, 52 | 592 | 3.32 |
| L parietal operculum cortex, planum temporale | 44, −28, 14 | 584 | 3.12 |
| R medial frontal pole/frontal medial cortex (VMPFC), paracingulate (ACC) | 10, 58, −10 | 328 | 3.23 |
| R medial frontal pole/frontal medial cortex (VMPFC), anterior cingulate (ACC) | 18, 38, −10 | 328 | 3.03 |
| COC+ < COC- | |||
| R angular gyrus/superior lateral occipital cortex (PPC) | 52, −62, 40 | 1904 | 3.72* |
| HIV+ < HIV− | |||
| R paracingulate (ACC) | 20, 40, 12 | 744 | 3.57 |
| Interaction | |||
| L posterior precuneus | −20, −42, 20 | 1,536 | 4.41* |
| B medial frontal pole (VMPFC) | 6, 68, 8 | 1,520 | 3.77* |
| Loss-related activations | |||
| COC+ < COC- | |||
| R medial frontal pole (VMPFC) | 24, 36, −4 | 784 | 3.82* |
| HIV+ < HIV- | |||
| R central precuneus, superior lateral occipital cortex/supramarginal gyrus (PPC) | 4, −76, 40 | 17296 | 4.57* |
| R lingual gyrus, occipital and temporal occipital fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, cerebellum | 36, −48, −30 | 13192 | 4.44* |
| L inferior frontal gyrus (VLPFC), lateral frontal orbital cortex (OFC) | −56, 20, −8 | 6672 | 4.06* |
| L temporal occipital fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior lateral occipital cortex | −44, −60, −10 | 3640 | 4.14* |
| L thalamus, pallidum | −14, −22, 4 | 3256 | 4.13* |
| R inferior frontal gyrus/lateral frontal pole (VLPFC) | 52, 12, 20 | 2840 | 3.82* |
| L superior lateral occipital cortex (PPC) | −20, −68, 38 | 2552 | 3.83* |
| R lateral frontal pole (VLPFC) | 42, 40, −26 | 2352 | 3.78* |
| L supramarginal gyrus (PPC) | −34, −42, 36 | 1976 | 3.63* |
| R middle frontal gyrus (DLPFC) | 34, 12, 50 | 1192 | 3.32 |
| B posterior cingulate | 2, −32, 22 | 1120 | 3.58* |
| R thalamus | 8, −16, 0 | 1080 | 3.37 |
| L superior frontal gyrus (DMPFC) | 0, 6, 60 | 856 | 3.24 |
| R paracingulate gyrus (ACC) | 10, 24, 38 | 656 | 3.57* |
| R superior lateral occipital cortex (PPC) | 16, −74, 62 | 584 | 3.48 |
| R lateral frontal orbital cortex (OFC) | 36, 20, −12 | 576 | 3.53 |
| R cuneus | 4, −78, 36 | 368 | 3.65 |
| Interaction | |||
| L paracingulate (ACC) | −6, 48, −2 | 600 | 3.26 |
Notes: VMPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex; ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; PPC = posterior parietal cortex; VLPFC = ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; OFC = orbitofrontal cortex; DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DMPFC = dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
Clusters were thresholded at an individual voxel threshold of p < .005 and an extent threshold of ≥40 contiguous voxels (320 mm3) for an overall corrected false positive rate of p < 0.05. Clusters that survived an individual voxel threshold of p < .001 and an extent threshold ≥20 contiguous voxels (160 mm3) are marked with an asterisk.