Table 1.
Relative rates (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of flares in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome participants (n=3821) in the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain Epidemiology and Phenotyping Study, 2009–2013.
| Crude RR (95% CI) |
Adjusted RR2
(95% CI) |
Adjusted RR3
(95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Increasing study quarter (continuous) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.04 (0.96–1.14) |
| Female sex | 1.48 (1.20–1.82) | 1.29 (1.03–1.61) | 1.16 (0.92–1.46) |
| Increasing age (continuous in years) | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | 0.88 (0.79–0.99) | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) |
| Increasing symptom duration (continuous in years) | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) |
| Baseline IC/BPS versus CP/CPPS symptoms (males only) | 1.42 (1.01–2.01) | 1.71 (1.03–2.85) | 1.62 (1.00–2.64) |
| Average non-flare pelvic pain intensity (continuous from 0–10) | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) |
| Average non-flare urologic symptom intensity (continuous from 0–10) |
1.14 (1.09–1.19) | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 1.06 (0.98–1.14) |
| Bladder hypersensitivity: | |||
| Neither painful filling nor urgency | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Either painful filling or urgency | 1.63 (1.18–2.26) | 1.55 (1.12–2.15) | 1.58 (1.15–2.20) |
| Both painful filling and urgency | 2.19 (1.61–2.96) | 1.75 (1.29–2.37) | 1.73 (1.28–2.35) |
| Number of extra-pelvic regions with pain:4 | |||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–2 | 1.34 (1.03–1.74) | 1.21 (0.94–1.56) | 1.16 (0.90–1.50) |
| 3–7 | 1.34 (1.03–1.75) | 1.08 (0.83–1.41) | 1.00 (0.75–1.33) |
| Chronic overlapping pain conditions: | |||
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | 2.04 (1.53–2.73) | 1.43 (1.08–1.90) | 1.16 (0.82–1.63) |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.41 (0.96–2.07) | 1.01 (0.74–1.38) | 0.71 (0.50–1.03) |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 1.22 (0.98–1.53) | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | 0.96 (0.77–1.19) |
| Migraines | 1.44 (1.13–1.83) | 1.26 (0.99–1.60) | 1.12 (0.83–1.51) |
| Temporomandibular joint disorder | 1.31 (1.02–1.68) | 1.08 (0.86–1.37) | 0.82 (0.59–1.14) |
| Vulvodynia | 1.41 (1.02–1.95) | 1.22 (0.90–1.66) | 1.15 (0.84–1.55) |
| Number of conditions: | |||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.25 (0.98–1.59) | 1.14 (0.88–1.48) | 1.13 (0.87–1.45) |
| 2 or more | 1.82 (1.40–2.36) | 1.34 (1.03–1.75) | 1.30 (1.01–1.68) |
| Any condition | 1.33 (1.07–1.64) | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) |
| Pelvic pain trajectory over follow-up | |||
| Improving | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Stable | 0.95 (0.73–1.24) | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.85 (0.67–1.08) |
| Worsening | 1.47 (1.15–1.87) | 1.39 (1.10–1.75) | 1.42 (1.13–1.78) |
| Urologic symptom trajectory over follow-up | |||
| Improving | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Stable | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) |
| Worsening | 1.41 (1.11–1.79) | 1.34 (1.05–1.70) | 1.33 (1.05–1.68) |
CP/CPPS=chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome; IC/BPS=interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.
Excludes 3 participants who reported flares at all biweekly assessments.
Adjusted for site, sex, age, and average non-flare symptom intensity, as appropriate.
Adjusted for site, sex, age, average non-flare symptom intensity, bladder hypersensitivity, and number of chronic overlapping pain conditions, as appropriate.
Seven extra-pelvic regions (back, head, right leg, left leg, right arm, left arm, and trunk) were created similar to previous analyses, using data from the Body Pain Inventory.