Fig. 4.

Depth-integrated salt transport streamfunction. a The control experiment, b the Arctic Closed experiment and c the difference between Arctic Closed—Control. Contour intervals are 0.2 Sv, while transport vectors are drawn above a threshold magnitude of 0.05 Sv in a, b and 0.03 Sv in c. The presence of overturning in the North Pacific creates greater salt transport into the high latitude sinking regions, along with westward salt transport through the Panama gateway. Once the AMOC is triggered, salt is drawn into the high latitudes of the North Atlantic, causing a near shutdown of salt transport through the Panama gateway