Fig. 5.

Temperature and freshwater flux response to closing the Arctic gateway. a Surface air temperature (SAT) and b precipitation minus evaporation differences showing the Arctic closed—control experiment in each case. There is substantial cooling (>5 °C) of the North Pacific in response to the shutdown of Pacific sinking, and a corresponding warming of the North Atlantic. No major interhemispheric temperature change is found. Precipitation minus evaporation increases in the North Pacific and decreases in the North Atlantic