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. 2019 Aug 22;9:12234. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48561-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The photograph of the Bio-LSI chip (A), magnified images of Bio-LSI chip showing sensor points (B) and sensor electrodes (C). The diameter of each electrode is 40 μm and the distances between the electrodes are 250 μm. The measurement setup of electrode cell (D) with an RE (a) and a CE (b) placed in the same well as WEs (c). Schematic illustration of the measurement system (E) for the photosynthetic activity in plant tissues by detecting the O₂ as reduction current on the WEs of Bio-LSI.