Figure 5.

MAF is overexpressed in the aggressive subtype of PDA. (a) Box plot showing the MAF Z-score score stratified by Bailey subtypes in the ICGC-(left) and TCGA (right) cohorts. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05 as determined by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (b) Kaplan–Meier analysis comparing survival of patients in the ICGC cohort having high, intermediate or low expression of MAF. p, Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. (c) The association between the CTL level and overall patient survival for PDA tumours with different MAF levels. For each tumour in the TCGA, the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes or Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was estimated as the average expression level of GZMB, GZMA, PRF1, and CD8A. Kaplan–Meier analysis compares the survival of patients with low TILs and high expression. p, Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. (d) Immunohistochemical staining for MAF in human tissues distinguished in preinvasive lesions (left), classical tumours (middle), or poorly differentiated tumours (right). Scale bars, 100 µm. Quantification is provided in (e) as the average number of MAF positive nuclei per mm² in preinvasive (n = 6), classical tumours (n = 11), and poorly differentiated carcinomas (PDC, n = 11). From 5 to 6 individual areas were examined per case. Statistical associations were determined by Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.