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Plasma AST (A), ALT (B) and ALP (C) levels in rats which underwent renal ischemia/reperfusion and pretreated with vehicle (I/R), or piperine at 10, or 20 mg/kg (I/R + P10 or I/R + P20 groups) compared to the sham group. Data is presented as mean ± SE (n = 7). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 in comparison with the sham group. †P < 0.05, †††P < 0.001 in comparison with I/R group.
