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Representative mRNA fold change expression for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the liver tissue of the rats received vehicle (Sham), or piperine at 10, or 20 mg/kg (I/R + P10 or I/R + P20 groups) compared to the sham group. **P < 0.01, in comparison with the sham group. †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01 in comparison with I/R group.
