Table 2.
Efficacy Measures at 6 months
| Efficacy Measure | RIC Group (n = 18) | p | Control Group (n = 19) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Before | After | |||
| HVLT-R | ||||||
| HVLT1 | 12.56 ± 4.15 | 16.89 ± 4.23 | 0.002 | 13.05 ± 5.33 | 16.05 ± 5.65 | 0.017 |
| HVLT2 | 2.72 ± 2.61 | 4.72 ± 3.12 | 0.036 | 2.53 ± 2.80 | 4.53 ± 3.32 | 0.013 |
| HVLT3 | 6.22 ± 2.21 | 8.83 ± 1.89 | 0.000 | 6.05 ± 2.44 | 7.42 ± 3.04 | 0.023 |
| COWAT | 5.11 ± 3.34 | 6.39 ± 3.33 | 0.030 | 5.00 ± 3.32 | 5.53 ± 3.89 | 0.455 |
| TMT-A | 125.83 ± 69.54 | 102.50 ± 57.33 | 0.007 | 131.88 ± 86.06 | 128.47 ± 112.45 | 0.848 |
| TMT-B | 262.83 ± 122.24 | 209.17 ± 108.98 | 0.015 | 244.61 ± 116.05 | 197.28 ± 133.79 | 0.007 |
| SDMT | 19.67 ± 9.32 | 21.17 ± 9.93 | 0.426 | 23.61 ± 15.34 | 21.72 ± 14.99 | 0.249 |
| JLO | 17.94 ± 7.60 | 23.22 ± 4.66 | 0.006 | 17.50 ± 5.76 | 18.44 ± 7.53 | 0.398 |
| ADL | 25.33 ± 2.61 | 24.72 ± 1.60 | 0.102 | 25.11 ± 2.18 | 24.84 ± 1.43 | 0.426 |
| NPI | 2.06 ± 1.11 | 1.72 ± 0.83 | 0.083 | 1.74 ± 1.05 | 1.53 ± 0.77 | 0.215 |
| hs-CRP | 2.38 ± 2.87 | 1.30 ± 1.35 | 0.221 | 1.63 ± 1.71 | 1.67 ± 1.80 | 0.951 |
| IL-6 | 16.26 ± 7.05 | 15.85 ± 6.70 | 0.072 | 16.25 ± 4.99 | 15.81 ± 4.27 | 0.125 |
| TNF-α | 5.64 ± 1.12 | 5.57 ± 1.02 | 0.167 | 5.54 ± 0.83 | 5.46 ± 0.72 | 0.155 |
| WMLV (cm3) | 84.00 ± 53.82 | 69.87 ± 45.76 | 0.060 | 71.26 ± 28.03 | 68.35 ± 23.20 | 0.569 |
| WBWM | ||||||
| FA | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.348 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.446 |
| MD(×10−4) | 9.5 ± 0.79 | 9.6 ± 0.84 | 0.128 | 8.9 ± 0.33 | 9.1 ± 0.62 | 0.288 |
| NAWM | ||||||
| FA | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.293 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.427 |
| MD(×10−4) | 9.0 ± 0.73 | 9.4 ± 0.60 | 0.136 | 8.6 ± 0.37 | 8.9 ± 0.60 | 0.097 |
Abbreviations: ADL Activities of daily living, COWAT Controlled Oral Word Association Test, the outcome was the sum of correct words in the both parts, FA fractional anisotropy, hs-CRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein, HVLT1 immediate memory of Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), HVLT2 delayed memory of HVLT-R, HVLT3 recognition test of HVLT-R, IL-6 interleukin 6, JLO Judgment of Line Orientation, MD mean diffusivity, NAWM normal-appearing white matter, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test, TMT-A Trail Making Test A, TMT-B Trail Making Test B, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, WBWM whole-brain white matter, WMLV white matter lesion volume
Notes: Paired t-test was used to evaluate the effect of the treatments in the group