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. 2019 Aug 22;20:384. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2754-2

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — The rib cage, sagittal, and axial subtypes. Rib cage subtype included A) Type 1: asymmetric or drooping ribs, B) Type 2: horizontal ribs. Sagittal subtypes included A) Type 1: normal/hyperthrocolumnar, B) Type 2: hypothoracolumbar (flat profile). Axial types included A) Type 1: S shaped axial profile in which the direction of the vertebral rotation changes in the thoracolumbar region, B) Type2: V shaped profile with one large curve extending to the lumbar spine: the direction of the vertebral rotation changes in lower lumbar. The vertebral level at which the direction of the vertebral rotation below the apex of the thoracic curve changes is shown by red rectangles