Table 3.
Univariate analysis of procedural parameters (surgery-related and anesthesia-related) of patients with and without PPCs
| No PPC (n = 157) | PPC (n = 178) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Procedural parameters | |||
| Surgery-related | |||
| Surgical approach (n) | |||
| Transhiatal | 10 (6) | 16 (9) | 0.42 |
| Thoracoabdominal | 148 (94) | 161 (91) | |
| Reconstruction (n) | |||
| Gastric tube | 154 (98) | 167 (94) | 0.18 |
| Colon interposition | 4 (2) | 10 (6) | |
| Duration of surgery (hours) | 7 (6–8.3) | 7.1 (6.2–8.5) | 0.19 |
| Blood loss (ml) | 600 (300–1000) | 750 (500–1000) | 0.12 |
| Anesthesia-related | |||
| Norepinephrine (μg/kg/min) | 0.03 (0–0.06) | 0.02 (0–0.07) | 0.9 |
| Crystalloids (ml) | 1100 (880–1924) | 1404 (1008–2071) | 0.007 |
| Colloids (ml) | 752 (73–1000) | 710 (263–1035) | 0.7 |
| Colloids (n) | 141 (90) | 158 (89) | 1 |
| FFP (n) | 19 (12) | 21 (12) | 1 |
| PRBC (n) | 44 (28) | 78 (44) | 0.002 |
| TEA (n) | 142 (90) | 144 (81) | 0.019 |
| TIVA / Gas (n) | 49 (31) / 108 (69) | 45 (25)/ 132 (74) | 0.27 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 17 (15–23) | 30 (20–50) | < 0.001 |
| Extubation on ICU | 110 (70) | 141 (79) | 0.5 |
| Pleural effusion | 0 | 104 (58) | < 0.001 |
| Chylothorax | 0 | 23 (13) | < 0.001 |
| ICU stay (days) | 6 (5–8) | 12 (7–26) | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as number of patients (percentage) or median (interquartile range)
FFP Fresh frozen plasma, PRBC Packed red blood cell, TEA Thoracic epidural anesthesia, TIVA Total intravenous anesthesia, ICU Intensive care unit, PPCs Postoperative pulmonary complications