Fig. 9.

Anticancer activity of DOX@E-PSiNPs in B16-F10 lung metastasis mice. a Metastatic nodule numbers in lungs of B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice after intravenous injection of PBS, E-PSiNPs, free DOX, DOX@PSiNPs, DOX@E-PSiNPs exocytosed from H22 cells at DOX dosage of 0.5 mg kg⁻¹, or free DOX at high dosage of 4 mg kg⁻¹ every three days for 13 days. Data were represented as mean ± SD (n = 6). b H&E staining of lungs of B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice at the end of tumor growth inhibition experiments. Scale bar: 1000 µm. c Kaplan–Meier survival plot of B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice after intravenous administration of different formulations (n = 8). d, e Relative colony number (d) and size (e) of tumor spheroids when tumor cells digested from lung tumor nodules at the end of tumor growth inhibition experiments were seeded in soft 3D fibrin gels for 5 days. Data were represented as mean ± SD (n = 5). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test for a, d, e and log-rank test for c). Source data are provided as a Source Data file