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. 2019 Aug 23;9:12308. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48711-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Density of CTL negatively correlates with their individual capacity to kill target cells. Population scale (a) and per capita (b) killing efficacy of human CTL during overnight interaction with melanoma cells or conventional target cells. Target cells were pulsed with the antigenic peptide and co-cultured for 18 hours with antigen-specific CTL at the indicated E/T ratios. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by flow cytometry using 7-AAD uptake by target cells. Cytotoxicity is expressed as fold increase over corresponding basal death. Data are from at least three independent experiments and are represented as mean ± SD. Unpaired student’s t-test using the GraphPad Prism software (version6; GraphPad) was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between groups. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.0, *P < 0.05.