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. 2019 Aug 23;9:12308. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48711-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Prolonged time simulations show an intrinsic weakness of CTL in controlling tumor growth that can be overcome by sequential addition of fresh CTL cohorts. Panel (a) shows the number of target cells alive after 18 hour simulated co-culture at different E/T ratios. Panel (b) shows the limited control of tumor growth during 15 days of simulated co-culture. Panels (c–f) show the benefit of multiple additions of fresh CTL cohorts to the simulated culture. Results correspond to mean +/− SD of 20 independent runs. Statistical comparison of data shown in panels (c–f) was performed using Wilcoxon test and is presented in Supplementary Table 2.