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. 2019 Aug 23;10:3810. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11774-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — TB1 putatively targets several domestication loci. a TB1 binds to a cis-regulatory element region upstream of its own promoter. Two binding peaks localize to both sides of the Hopscotch retrotransposon responsible for domestication. b TB1 binds to the prolificacy locus (prol1.1, purple shade) in the gt1 promoter. c and d ChIP qPCR using tiller buds c and ear tissue d to validate TB1 binding to the prol1.1 QTL in both tissues. p1–p7 in b indicate the positions of the primers used for the ChIP qPCR. p1 and p5 primers in red indicate the primers showing significant enrichment in wild type. Values are means ± SD of three biological replicates. e Competition gel shift between TB1 protein with wild type versus mutated binding sites probes of the prol1.1 sequence. f TB1 binds to the promoter of tga1. g Validation of TB1 binding to the tga1 promoter using ChIP qPCR on both tiller bud and ear tissue. p1 and p2 in f indicate the positions of primers used for the ChIP qPCR. Values are means ± SD of three biological replicates. h TB1 immunolocalization on ear tissue of maize (left) compared to teosinte (right), showing TB1 accumulation in the developing glumes (arrowheads) is conserved between maize (left) and teosinte (right). However, stronger ectopic TB1 expression was observed (arrows) in maize. Bar = 100 microns