Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study patients
| Variable | Non-CCD group, grade 0 | CCD group, grades 1–3 | 95% CI of the difference | Effect size γ | Power, 1−β coefficient | CCD grade | CCD range | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | 1 quadrant | 2 quadrants | 3 quadrants | 4 quadrants | ||||||
| (n = 23) | (n = 21) | (n = 12) | (n = 3) | (n = 6) | (n = 4) | (n = 2) | (n = 3) | (n = 12) | ||||
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 76.9 ± 10.6 | 73.7 ± 10.1 | −11.6 to 1.8 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 75.6 ± 10.5 | 72.3 ± 8.6 | 70.5 ± 10.8 | 82.0 ± 6.2 | 74.5 ± 13.4 | 64.0 ± 12.3 | 73.2 ± 9.0 |
| Sex, Male/female, No | 15/8 | 12/9 | NA | NA | NA | 6/6 | 2/1 | 4/2 | 3/1 | 2/0 | 0/3 | 7/5 |
| Diagnosis, No | ||||||||||||
| Primary open-angle glaucoma | 9 | 11 | NA | NA | NA | 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| Normal tension glaucoma | 7 | 6 | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| Exfoliation glaucoma | 7 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Axial length, mean ± SD, mm | 24.2 ± 1.8 | 24.2 ± 1.4 | −1.4 to 0.7 | 0.10 | 0.099 | 24.0 ± 1.4 | 23.8 ± 1.1 | 24.6 ± 1.7 | 23.8 ± 0.5 | 26.0 ± 1.3 | 24.4 ± 1.4 | 23.9 ± 1.5 |
| Central corneal thickness, mean ± SD, μm | 524.5 ± 21.0 | 509.1 ± 41.4 | −31.4 to 11.7 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 510.8 ± 42.5 | 476.3 ± 58.8 | 522.2 ± 25.6 | 502 ± 47.4 | 509.0 ± 8.5 | 522.7 ± 55.9 | 508.1 ± 43.2 |
| Visual field mean deviation, mean ± SD, dB | −8.7 ± 6.4 | −12.7 ± 11.0 | −9.9 to 2.1 | 0.25 | 0.20 | −8.2 ± 8.9 | −25.8 ± 4.9 | −15.5 ± 12.2 | −14.5 ± 11.9 | −8.6 ± 11.9 | −2.5 ± 1.7 | −15.5 ± 11.8 |
| Surgical procedure, No | ||||||||||||
| Combined | 18 | 17 | NA | NA | NA | 10 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 10 |
| Single | 5 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Preoperative lens status, No. | ||||||||||||
| Phakia | 18 | 21 | NA | NA | NA | 12 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 12 |
| Intraocular lens | 5 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| IOP, mean ± SD, mm Hg | ||||||||||||
| Preoperative | 17.9 ± 5.3 | 17.1 ± 7.1 | −2.9 to 4.7 | 0.072 | 0.074 | 17.4 ± 1.8 | 17.9 ± 3.7 | 16.0 ± 2.6 | 15.1 ± 1.8 | 13.9 ± 0.2 | 26.0 ± 16.9 | 16.0 ± 3.5 |
| Postoperative day 1 | 19.2 ± 12.8 | 11.9 ± 7.7 | 0.8 to 13.8 | 0.25 | 0.60 | 14.0 ± 3.1 | 7.7 ± 6.2 | 9.8 ± 4.4 | 19.3 ± 14.1 | 10.5 ± 0.7 | 12.3 ± 6.1 | 9.6 ± 4.6 |
| Postoperative day 3 | 15.3 ± 6.4 | 12.4 ± 8.1 | −1.5 to 7.3 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 15.1 ± 2.0 | 7.7 ± 4.1 | 9.3 ± 2.9 | 15.5 ± 11.8 | 18.0 ± 5.7 | 12.0 ± 4.0 | 10.5 ± 7.8 |
| Postoperative day 7 | 18.0 ± 9.3 | 13.8 ± 6.5 | −0.8 to 9.1 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 15.4 ± 2.4 | 13.0 ± 4.7 | 11.0 ± 3.3 | 16.5 ± 8.2 | 17.0 ± 1.4 | 15.0 ± 7.0 | 12.1 ± 6.5 |
| Postoperative month 1 | 12.1 ± 3.5 | 15.7 ± 9.1 | −7.7 to 0.5 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 15.7 ± 2.0 | 12.0 ± 3.9 | 17.7 ± 2.8 | 11.0 ± 2.9 | 21.0 ± 11.3 | 20.7 ± 9.7 | 15.2 ± 9.9 |
| Postoperative month 3 | 12.8 ± 4.4 | 13.0 ± 3.8 | −2.7 to 2.5 | 0.016 | 0.050 | 13.1 ± 1.2 | 14.0 ± 2.4 | 12.0 ± 1.9 | 13.0 ± 3.5 | 11.0 ± 1.4 | 15.7 ± 7.2 | 12.5 ± 3.2 |
| Postoperative month 6 | 12.4 ± 2.6 | 12.8 ± 3.6 | −2.3 to 1.0 | 0.056 | 0.064 | 13.6 ± 0.9 | 12.7 ± 1.8 | 10.8 ± 1.4 | 13.0 ± 2.0 | 12.5 ± 0.7 | 17.0 ± 7.0 | 11.5 ± 2.5 |
| Postoperative month 12 | 13.5 ± 3.9 | 13.0 ± 3.1 | −1.6 to 2.7 | 0.075 | 0.076 | 13.9 ± 1.7 | 14.3 ± 2.0 | 10.5 ± 1.4 | 12.5 ± 1.0 | 14.5 ± 2.1 | 16.3 ± 2.9 | 12.1 ± 3.3 |
| Glaucoma medication score, mean ± SD | ||||||||||||
| Preoperative | 1.8 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 1.5 | −2.1 to −0.1 | 0.32 | 0.56 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 0.5 |
| Postoperative month 12 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | −0.5 to 0.4 | 0.080 | 0.080 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.3 |
| Visual acuity, mean ± SD, logMAR | ||||||||||||
| Preoperative | 0.26 ± 0.21 | 0.37 ± 0.48 | −0.32 to 0.11 | 0.054 | 0.16 | 0.29 ± 0.33 | 0.38 ± 0.40 | 0.53 ± 0.75 | 0.46 ± 0.42 | 0.55 ± 0.21 | 0.073 ± 0.20 | 0.38 ± 0.57 |
| Postoperative month 12 | 0.084 ± 0.22 | 0.050 ± 0.20 | −0.094 to 0.16 | 0.017 | 0.083 | −0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.032 ± 0.044 | 0.037 ± 0.082 | −0.022 ± 0.12 | 0.07 ± 0.21 | −0.027 ± 0.05 | 0.09 ± 0.24 |
| Postoperative compications, No | ||||||||||||
| Postoperative hypotony | 1 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Postoperative hyphema | 4 | 7 | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| Postoperative IOP spike | 9 | 5 | NA | NA | NA | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
CCD ciliochoroidal detachment, IOP intraocular pressure, NA not applicable