Fig. 2.

Adhesin knockouts have reduced initial rates of attachment under flow. a Representative dark field images of biofilm formation under flow are shown for CAI4 + URA, Δals1/Δals3, Δhyr1, Δeap1, Δihd1, and Δhwp2 cells at 2, 5, and 18 h of growth at 23 °C. Arrow indicates direction of flow for every image. b the total biomass within the imaging region (determined by densitometry analysis), the rate of cell attachment, and the biomass detachment (detachment rate normalized to the biomass) over time are shown for each strain. Scale bar indicates 50 µm. Data are means of n ≥ 3 independent experiments