Table 1. Demographics, characteristics and outcomes among serotype 4 and non-serotype 4 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease within the South Island Health Service Delivery Area of Island Health (British Columbia, Canada), August 1, 2016–September 1, 2017.
| Variable | Serotype 4 | Non-Serotype 4 | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Total cases | 33 | 100 | 51 | 100 | N/A |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 23 | 69.70 | 29 | 56.86 | 0.34 |
| Housing status | |||||
| Homeless or unstable housing | 16 | 48.48 | 8 | 15.69 | <0.01 |
| Substance use | |||||
| Heavy alcohol use | 13 | 39.39 | 16 | 31.37 | 0.80 |
| Injection drug use | 10 | 30.30 | 5 | 9.80 | 0.054 |
| Cocaine | 8 | 24.24 | 5 | 9.80 | 0.20 |
| Methamphetamine | 10 | 30.30 | 3 | 5.88 | <0.05 |
| Cannabis | 18 | 54.55 | 8 | 15.69 | <0.01 |
| Opioids | 18 | 54.55 | 7 | 13.73 | <0.001 |
| Tobacco smoking | 27 | 81.82 | 18 | 35.29 | <0.001 |
| Co-morbidities | |||||
| HCV | 7 | 21.21 | 9 | 17.65 | 1.00 |
| HIV | 1 | 3.03 | 3 | 5.88 | 0.64 |
| Lung disease | 9 | 27.27 | 23 | 45.10 | 0.086 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 5 | 15.15 | 21 | 41.18 | <0.05 |
| Renal disease | 1 | 3.03 | 13 | 25.49 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes | 1 | 3.03 | 9 | 17.65 | <0.05 |
| IPD presentation | |||||
| Pneumonia | 28 | 84.85 | 43 | 84.31 | 1.00 |
| Meningitis | 2 | 6.06 | 3 | 5.88 | 1.00 |
| Level of care | |||||
| Hospital admission | 31 | 93.94 | 46 | 90.20 | 1.00 |
| ICU admission | 10 | 30.30 | 12 | 23.53 | 0.70 |
| Outcome | |||||
| In-hospital death | 0 | 0 | 10 | 19.61 | <0.01 |
| Immunization | |||||
| Previous pneumococcal vaccinationa | 3 | 9.09 | 8 | 15.69 | 0.52 |
Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; ICU, intensive care unit; N/A, not applicable; n, number; <, inferior to
a Pneumococcal vaccination status was determined using electronic record systems that are known to be incomplete; reported numbers should be interpreted with caution
Note: Numbers rounded to the nearest decimal