NIH/3T3 cells stably expressing the indicated hPAC1 NullWT, NullTr406, and NullTr433 (A); hPAC1 HopWT, HopTr406, and HopTr433 (B); HopTr416, HopTr420, and HopTr424 (C); and HopTr420A416, HopTr420A417, HopTr420A418, and HopTr420A418A419 (D) were incubated alone or in the presence of increasing concentrations of PACAP-27. Data are shown as fold stimulation of cAMP compared with basal and represent the means of at least three experiments performed in triplicate. To normalize signal transduction data for receptor density, the cells were plated at the same density (~50,000 cells/well) and assayed on the same day. Similar levels of adenylyl cyclase stimulation were observed for five independent clonal cell lines for each mutant receptor.