Table 1. Background characteristics of the study population.

Characteristics			n	%
	Survey year
		2004	6272	23.6
		2007	5335	20.0
		2011	7706	29.0
		2014	7291	27.4
Household characteristics
	Administrative division
		Barisal	1522	5.7
		Chittagong	5811	21.8
		Dhaka	8564	32.2
		Khulna	2438	9.2
		Rajshahi	4282	16.1
		Rangpur	1575	5.9
		Sylhet	2412	9.1
	Place of residence
		Rural	20602	77.4
		Urban	6002	22.6
	Household wealth quintile
		Poorest	6508	24.5
		Poorer	5473	20.6
		Middle	5053	19.0
		Richer	4932	18.5
		Richest	4637	17.4
Child characteristics
	Gender
		Male	13627	51.2
		Female	12977	48.8
Maternal characteristics
	Age at child's birth (years)
		<20	8268	31.1
		20–29	14210	53.4
		30–39	3822	14.4
		≥40	305	1.1
	Level of education
		No education	7004	26.3
		Primary incomplete	5214	19.6
		Primary complete1	2888	10.9
		Secondary incomplete	8491	31.9
		Secondary complete or higher2	3008	11.3
	Occupation
		Homemaker	21096	79.3
		Employed	5508	20.7
	Body mass index (kg/m2)
		<18.5	7854	29.5
		18.5–24.9	15800	59.4
		25–29.9	2491	9.4
		≥30	459	1.7
Paternal characteristics
	Level of education
		No education	8968	33.7
		Primary incomplete	4710	17.7
		Primary complete1	3065	11.5
		Secondary incomplete	5619	21.1
		Secondary complete or higher2	4241	15.9
	Occupation
		Agriculture	7224	27.2
		White-collar3	1088	4.1
		Blue-collar4	11844	44.5
		Pink-collar5	5728	21.5
		Others6	721	2.7
N			26604	100.00

¹Primary complete is defined as completing grade 5

²Secondary complete is defined as completing grade 10

³Doctor, lawyer, dentist, accountant, teacher, nurse, family welfare visitor

⁴Non-agricultural worker, carpenter, mason, bus/taxi driver, construction supervisor, tailor, rickshaw driver, brick breaking, road building, construction worker, boatman, fisherman, poultry raising, cattle raising

⁵Businessman/trader

⁶Unemployed/student, retired, beggar, etc.