Table 1. Characteristics of the participants according to the quintile of fruits and vegetables intake. Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, 2013–2014.
| Variable | Total | Quintile of total consumption of fruits and vegetables | p* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |||
| Fruits and vegetables (servings/day) | 5.4 (2.1) | 3.0 (0.6) | 4.3 (0.3) | 5.2 (0.2) | 6.2 (0.3) | 8.5 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 56.7 (11.7) | 54.7 (12.6) | 56.2 (11.8) | 56.8 (11.3) | 57.7 (11.3) | 58.6 (11.1) | < 0.001 |
| Sex (%) | 0.001 | ||||||
| Female | 88.1 | 89.5 | 90.1 | 88.0 | 86.9 | 84.5 | |
| Male | 11.9 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 13.1 | 15.5 | |
| Years of study | 7.2 (4.1) | 7.1 (4.2) | 7.1 (4.0) | 7.5 (4.1) | 7.2 (4.0) | 7.3 (4.2) | 0.39 |
| Marital status (%) | 0.71 | ||||||
| Common-law marriage | 61.6 | 60.8 | 62.9 | 62.5 | 61.0 | 61.0 | |
| Divorced | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 9.2 | |
| Single | 14.1 | 15.9 | 13.6 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 13.7 | |
| Widowed | 16.0 | 15.1 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.3 | 16.1 | |
| Occupation (%) | 0.02 | ||||||
| Housewife | 28.7 | 31.1 | 27.8 | 29.3 | 29.6 | 25.5 | |
| Retiree | 36.7 | 30.4 | 33.9 | 36.3 | 40.4 | 43.8 | |
| Unemployed | 2.0 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.2 | |
| Employee | 32.6 | 35.6 | 36.4 | 32.4 | 28.3 | 29.5 | |
| Economic class (%) | 0.83 | ||||||
| A/B | 29.5 | 28.7 | 30.0 | 30.1 | 29.7 | 29.2 | |
| C | 55.0 | 53.3 | 55.6 | 57.3 | 56.0 | 53.1 | |
| D/E | 15.5 | 18.0 | 14.4 | 12.6 | 14.3 | 17.7 | |
| PAS time (months) | 19.8 (15.3) | 18.8 (15.1) | 19.5 (14.7) | 20.0 (15.7) | 20.5 (15.7) | 20.4 (15.3) | 0.21 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9 (4.8) | 27.6 (4.8) | 27.6 (4.8) | 28.2 (4.7) | 27.9 (5.0) | 28.0 (5.1) | 0.06 |
| Smoking habit (%) | 5.7 | 6.1 | 4.3 | 7.2 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 0.99 |
| Chronic diseases (%) | |||||||
| Diabetes | 16.9 | 12.5 | 13.9 | 18.3 | 19.9 | 21.0 | < 0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension | 53.2 | 47.8 | 51.8 | 54.4 | 57.1 | 55.9 | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 44.1 | 41.2 | 42.5 | 46.1 | 46.5 | 44.8 | 0.62 |
| Health perception (%) | 0.48 | ||||||
| Very good/good | 71.7 | 71.4 | 73.4 | 70.7 | 73.7 | 69.6 | |
| Regular/Poor/Very poor | 28.3 | 28.6 | 26.6 | 29.3 | 26.3 | 30.4 | |
| Practice of physical exercises (minutes/week) | 209.6 (79.9) | 201.9 (63.4) | 206.8 (71.7) | 208.6 (86.9) | 218.3 (89.8) | 213.0 (84.8) | 0.004 |
| Daily diversity (types) | |||||||
| Fruits | 1.5 (1.4) | 0.8 (1.0) | 1.2 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.4) | 1.7 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
| Vegetables | 0.9 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.2) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.4) | 0.9 (1.2) | 1.1 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
| Fruits and vegetables | 2.3 (2.1) | 1.6 (1.7) | 2.1 (2.0) | 2.6 (2.3) | 2.6 (2.2) | 3.1 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
PAS: Health Academy Program; BMI: body mass index
Values presented as % or mean (standard deviation).
* Linear trend Chi-square test (categorical variables) and analysis of variance (Anova; continuous variables), according to the quintile of consumption of fruits and vegetables.