Table 2.
Participant characteristics by chronic conditions/diseases: European Health Examination Survey in Luxembourg (n=1508)
| Chronic conditions/diseases | |||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | ≥3 | P value* | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 199 (27.72) | 199 (27.72) | 143 (19.92) | 177 (24.65) | <0.001 |
| Female | 206 (26.34) | 163 (20.84) | 125 (15.98) | 288 (36.83) | |
| Age | |||||
| 25–34 | 130 (43.62) | 86 (28.86) | 48 (16.11) | 34 (11.41) | <0.001 |
| 35–44 | 156 (34.29) | 119 (26.15) | 69 (15.16) | 111 (24.40) | |
| 45–54 | 83 (18.16) | 111 (24.29) | 98 (21.44) | 165 (36.11) | |
| 55–64 | 36 (12.41) | 46 (15.86) | 53 (18.28) | 155 (53.45) | |
| Immigration | |||||
| Luxembourg | 184 (23.44) | 197 (25.10) | 144 (18.34) | 260 (33.12) | <0.001 |
| Portugal | 52 (23.85) | 42 (19.27) | 45 (20.64) | 79 (36.24) | |
| Other | 169 (34.00) | 123 (24.75) | 79 (15.90) | 126 (25.35) | |
| Education | |||||
| Primary | 68 (18.38) | 75 (20.27) | 64 (17.30) | 163 (44.05) | <0.001 |
| Secondary | 133 (23.05) | 142 (24.61) | 106 (18.37) | 196 (33.97) | |
| Tertiary | 203 (37.04) | 145 (26.46) | 97 (17.70) | 103 (18.80) | |
| Job | |||||
| Not working | 58 (16.67) | 56 (16.09) | 58 (16.67) | 176 (50.57) | <0.001 |
| Managers/professionals | 168 (35.59) | 138 (29.24) | 73 (15.47) | 93 (19.70) | |
| Technicians/clerical/service occupation | 119 (29.38) | 89 (21.98) | 76 (18.77) | 121 (29.88) | |
| Skilled/unskilled workers | 60 (21.90) | 79 (28.83) | 61 (22.26) | 74 (27.01) | |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 239 (29.25) | 209 (25.58) | 145 (17.75) | 224 (27.42) | 0.026 |
| Current | 90 (26.01) | 75 (21.68) | 63 (18.21) | 118 (34.10) | |
| Ex-smoker | 74 (22.09) | 78 (23.28) | 60 (17.91) | 123 (36.72) | |
| Alcohol | |||||
| Never | 30 (27.78) | 21 (19.44) | 20 (18.52) | 37 (34.26) | 0.055 |
| Drinkers | 365 (27.53) | 328 (24.74) | 234 (17.65) | 399 (30.09) | |
| Ex-drinkers | 8 (12.50) | 13 (20.31) | 14 (21.88) | 29 (45.31) | |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption | |||||
| <1 portion/day | 126 (27.39) | 112 (24.35) | 87 (18.91) | 135 (29.35) | 0.597 |
| 1–4 portions/day | 223 (27.81) | 183 (22.82) | 142 (17.71) | 254 (31.67) | |
| ≥5 portions/day | 55 (23.31) | 66 (27.97) | 39 (16.53) | 76 (32.20) | |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Never | 130 (21.35) | 133 (21.84) | 125 (20.53) | 221 (36.29) | <0.001 |
| ≤3 hours/week | 151 (29.84) | 130 (25.69) | 77 (15.22) | 148 (29.25) | |
| >3 hours/week | 121 (31.84) | 98 (25.79) | 65 (17.11) | 96 (25.26) | |
| BMI | 25.27±4.06 | 26.04±4.89 | 26.66±4.96 | 28.07±5.56 | <0.001 |
| <25 | 212 (33.02) | 169 (26.32) | 112 (17.45) | 149 (23.21) | <0.001 |
| 25–30 | 152 (27.39) | 131 (23.60) | 100 (18.02) | 172 (30.99) | |
| ≥30 | 41 (13.62) | 61 (20.27) | 55 (18.27) | 144 (47.84) | |
Values are numbers (%) for categorical variables and means±SD for continuous variables.
*χ2 test for categorical variables, t-test for continuous variables. Missing values ranged from 8 to 13 observations.
BMI, body mass index.