Table 4.
Results of multinomial logistic regression measuring the association between sleep duration and chronic conditions in models adjusted for participants sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural risk factors and measures of sleep disorders and sleep quality: European Health Examination Survey in Luxembourg (n=1170)
| Sleep duration | ||||
| Short (<6 hours) | Long (>9 hours) | |||
| OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Chronic conditions/diseases | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 4.55 (1.49 to 13.88) | 4.65 (1.48 to 14.51) | 2.94 (0.93 to 9.19) | 2.66 (0.80 to 8.85) |
| 2 | 7.65 (2.55 to 22.91) | 7.30 (2.35 to 22.58) | 0.86 (0.16 to 4.54) | 0.82 (0.14 to 4.67) |
| ≥3 | 9.45 (3.25 to 27.41) | 6.79 (2.15 to 21.41) | 1.27 (0.31 o 5.24) | 0.73 (0.13 to 3.88) |
| Immigration | ||||
| Luxembourg | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Portugal | 1.66 (0.71 to 3.89) | 0.86 (0.14 to 5.08) | ||
| Other | 1.96 (1.00 to 3.82) | 1.80 (0.61 to 5.31) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Women | 0.48 (0.24 to 0.93) | 4.57 (1.22 to 17.09) | ||
| Age | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.02) | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.04) | ||
| Education | ||||
| Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Secondary | 0.77 (0.35 to 1.71) | 1.79 (0.36 to 8.85) | ||
| Tertiary | 0.36 (0.12 to 1.11) | 1.07 (0.14 to 7.85) | ||
| Job status | ||||
| Unemployed | ||||
| Managers/professionals | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Technicians/clerical/service occupation | 1.17 (0.50 to 2.68) | 1.47 (0.40 to 5.39) | ||
| Skilled/unskilled workers | 0.96 (0.36 to 2.55) | 2.00 (0.33 to 11.91) | ||
| Physical activity | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≤3 hours/week | 0.47 (0.22 to 0.98) | 0.33 (0.10 to 1.09) | ||
| >3 hours/week | 0.73 (0.34 to 1.56) | 0.23 (0.04 to 1.08) | ||
| BMI | ||||
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Overweight | 1.49 (0.74 to 2.98) | 0.29 (0.06 to 1.39) | ||
| Obese | 0.94 (0.40 to 2.16) | 1.25 (0.35 to 4.40) | ||
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Current | 0.92 (0.46 to 1.84) | 1.13 (0.30 to 4.15) | ||
| Ex-smokers | 0.88 (0.42 to 1.86) | 3.30 (0.98 to 11.00) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Drink | 2.21 (0.39 to 12.48) | 0.60 (0.05 to 7.13) | ||
| Ex-drinker | 1.14 (0.31 to 4.10) | 0.32 (0.07 to 1.44) | ||
| Sleeping medication | 1.89 (0.56 to 6.35) | NA | ||
| Sleep disorder diagnosis | 1.39 (0.55 to 3.49) | NA | ||
| Difficulties in sleeping the night | 2.12 (1.14 to 3.92) | 1.34 (0.45 to 3.90) | ||
| Sleepiness | 3.37 (1.57 to 7.21) | 1.09 (0.20 to 5.77) | ||
AOR, adjusted OR; BMI, body mass index; NA, not available.