Table 1.
Characteristics of currently available asthma predictive models.
| Original API (13) | Isle of Wight (14) | PIAMA (15) | mAPI (16) | ucAPI (17) | APT (18) | ademAPI (19) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year publication | 2000 | 2003 | 2009 | 2013 | 2014 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Country | US | UK | Netherlands | US | US | UK | Netherlands |
| #children survey | 1,246 | 1,034 | 2,171 | 289 | 589 | 1,998 | 202 |
| Source population | General | High-risk | High-risk | High-risk | High-risk | High-risk | General |
| Age (y) asthma prediction | 6, 8, 11, 13 | 10 | 7–8 | 6, 8, 11 | 7 | 6–8 | 6 |
| Methods of building | Clinical index | Cumulate risk score | Logistic regression | Clinical index | Clinical index | LASSO regression | Logistic regression |
| #predictors used | 5 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 8 |
| PREDICTORS | |||||||
| Age | ✓ | ||||||
| Gender | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Wheezing frequency* | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Parental history of asthma or allergy | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Eczema | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Rhinitis | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Wheezing without colds | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Blood eosinophilia | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Skin prick test | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Specific IgE | ✓ | ||||||
| Chest infections | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Parental medication inhalation | ✓ | ||||||
| Parental education | ✓ | ||||||
| Post-term delivery | ✓ | ||||||
| Activity disturbance | ✓ | ||||||
| Shortness of breath | ✓ | ||||||
| Exercise-related wheeze/cough | ✓ | ||||||
| Aeroallergen-related wheeze/cough | ✓ | ||||||
| EBC biomarkers | ✓ | ||||||
| VOCs | ✓ | ||||||
| Gene expression | ✓ | ||||||
*
As enter criteria for stringent API, mAPI, ucAPI, and adem API. API, asthma predictive index; APT, asthma predictive tool; PIAMA, Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy; mAPI, modified API; ucAPI, University of Cincinnati-API; ademAPI, Asthma Detection and Monitoring-API; EBC, exhaled breath condensate; Ig, immunoglobulin; VOCs, exhaled volatile organic compounds.