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. 2019 Aug 16;10:895. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00895

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Copyright © 2019 Noble, Liu, Matthews, Schulte and Lang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Age-related alterations in IBA1⁺ macrophage morphology and numbers in the human cochlear lateral wall. IBA1⁺ resident macrophages are present in the SV and the SpL. Images from both regions document age-related changes in macrophage morphology. IBA1⁺ cells from 20-, and a 31-year-old donar (H41 and H98, respectively) appeared to be in a “surveillance-mode” as defined by numerous processes extending from the central body (A,C). In contrast, macrophages in a 75-, 87-, and >89-year-old donar (H114, H33, and H34, respectively) exhibited a rounded cellular morphology, increased cytoplasmic volume in the area surrounding the nucleus and reduced far-reaching cellular processes (B,D). Scale bars in (A–D) = 20 μm.