Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 23.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2019 Jul 22;35(4):317–326. doi: 10.1017/S0266462319000448

Table 2. Overview of studies.

Author (year) Population Setting Intervention Comparator Study type (outcomes) Time horizon
Haddock et al. (2003) (38) Dual diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or delusional disorder, and substance dependence/misuse

  • Mean age: NR

  • Proportion male: NR

  • Sample size = 36

 Secondary and community care in the UK Cognitive-behavioural therapy combined with motivational intervention plus standard care Standard care CEA (GAF) 18 months
Lam et al. (2005) (39) Bipolar I disorder

  • Mean age: intervention 46.4 (SD 12.1), control 41.5 (SD 10.8)

  • Proportion male: CTG 54%, SC 57%

  • Sample size = 103

 Secondary care in the UK Cognitive therapy plus standard care Standard care CEA (days free of bipolar episodes) 30 months
Barton et al. (2009) (40) Early psychosis, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression

  • Mean age: 28.9 (range: 18-52)

  • Proportion male: 71.4%

  • Sample size = 77

 Secondary and community care in the UK Social recovery orientated cognitive-behavioural therapy Case management CUA (EQ-5D) 9 months
McCrone et al. (2010) (41) Confirmed diagnosis of non-affective psychosis (schizophrenia was the most common condition)

  • Mean age: intervention 26 (SD 6), control 27 (SD 6)

  • Proportion male: intervention 55%, control 74%

  • Sample size = 144

 Secondary and community care in the UK Assertive outreach Standard care CEA (full vocational recovery) 18 months
Patel et al. (2010) (42) Schizophrenia (alongside cognitive and social functioning difficulties)

  • Mean age: 36

  • Proportion male: 73%

  • Sample size = 85

 Secondary care in the UK Cognitive remediation therapy plus standard care Standard care CEA (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) working memory) 40 weeks
van der Gaag et al. (2011) (43) Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with persistent symptoms despite antipsychotic medication

  • Mean age: intervention 36.52 (SD 11.18), control 37.45 (10.61)

  • Proportion male: CBT 56%, SC 57%

  • Sample size = 216

 Secondary care in the Netherlands Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care Standard care CEA (Social Functioning Scale (SFS) days of normal functioning) 18 months
Crawford et al. (2012) (44) Schizophrenia

  • Mean age: 41 (SD 12)

  • Proportion male: 67%

  • Sample size = 417

 Secondary and community care in the UK Group art therapy plus standard care Standard care CEA (GAF score) CUA (EQ-5D) 12 months
Karow et al. (2012) (45) Schizophrenia, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified

  • Mean age: intervention 31.4 (SD 9.9), control 37.6 (SD 11.7)

  • Proportion male: intervention 56.3%, control 57.1%

  • Sample size = 120

 Secondary care in Germany Assertive community treatment (ACT) and integrated care Standard care CUA (EQ-5D) 12 months
Hastrup et al. (2013) (46) A clinical diagnosis within the schizophrenia spectrum

  • Mean age: NR

  • Proportion male: NR

  • Sample size = 547

 Secondary and community care in Denmark Early interventions for first-episode psychosis Standard care CEA (GAF) 5 years
Priebe et al. (2016) (47) Schizophrenia

  • Mean age: 42.2 (SD 10.7)

  • Proportion male: 74%

  • Sample size = 275

 Community care in the UK Body psychotherapy Pilates class CUA (EQ-5D) CEA (PANSS negative score) 6 months
Rosenheck et al. (2016) (48) First-episode psychosis

  • Mean age: 23

  • Proportion male: intervention 66%, control 78%

  • Sample size = 404

 Community care in the USA An integrated, multidisciplinary, team-based treatment approach (IMT) Standard care CUA (mapping function applied to estimate utilities from PANSS scores) CEA (QLS) 2 years
Camacho et al. (2017) (49) Bipolar disorder

  • Mean age: 45

  • Proportion male: 42%

  • Sample size = 304

 Primary care in England Group psychoeducation Group peer support CUA (EQ-5D) CEA (relapse free year and relapse avoided) 96 weeks

Key: ACT, assertive community treatment; CEA, cost-effectiveness analysis; CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CUA, cost-utility analysis; EQ-5D, EuroQoL 5-Dimension questionnaire; GAF, global assessment of functioning; NR, not reported; IMT, integrated multidisciplinary team-based treatment approach; PANSS, positive and negative symptom scale; QLS, quality of life scale; SD, standard deviation; SFS, social functioning scale; WAIS-III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III working memory.