FIG 5.

Complementation of flagellar genes restores defects in pilus production. (A) Low-percentage motility agar plates of strains containing either an empty-vector (EV) control or a complementation of the flagellar gene deletion. (B) Quantification of the percentages of piliated cells within populations of flagellar mutants that make one, two, or three or more pili in strains containing either an empty-vector control or a complementation of the flagellar gene deletion. The bars indicate the means and SEM of the results of 3 independent biological replicates. At least 20 cells were analyzed per replicate. Statistical comparisons were made using Sidak’s multiple-comparison test between the average numbers of pili per cell for each strain. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.0005.