Table 3.
Semen parameters
| Cisgender men1 | Transgender women2 | General population3 | Fertile men4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | Mean ± sem | Median | Mean ± sem | Range of medians [11, 13–26] | Median [11] | |
| Abstinence, days | 2.5 | 2.5 ± 0.25 | 2.0 | 2.33 ± 0.19 | ||
| Volume, ml | 3.6 | 3.72 ± 0.38 | 2.4 | 2.63 ± 0.34 a | 2.3–3.8 | 3.7 |
| pH | 7.6 | 7.4 ± 0.05 | 7.4 | 7.4 ± 0.04 | ||
| Concentration, × 106/ml | 54.6 | 67.42 ± 17.95 | 31.89 | 31.66 ± 5.58 b | 41–69.9 | 73 |
| Oligospermia, no. of total (%) | 0 of 17 (0%) | 6 of 22 (27.3%) | ||||
| Motility | ||||||
| % progressive | 45.0 | 44.88 ± 2.65 | 44.0 | 39.68 ± 3.97 | 46–69.9 | 55.0 |
| % nonprogressive | 5.0 | 6.41 ± 1.63 | 6.3 | 7.26 ± 0.76 | ||
| % immotile | 49.0 | 50.0 ± 2.63 | 51.3 | 53.12 ± 4.27 | ||
| Asthenospermia, no. of total (%) | 2 of 17 (11.8%) | 5 of 19 (26.3%) | ||||
| Total sperm per ejaculate, × 106/ml | 183.1 | 226.30 ± 48.46 | 44.49 | 74.14 ± 17.10 c | 111.6–208 | 255 |
| Total motile sperm, × 106/ml | 106.6 | 111.7 ± 20.10 | 27.63 | 40.71 ± 9.65 d | ||
| Morphology, % normal | 4.5 | 4.38 ± 0.51 | 3.0 | 2.97 ± 0.41 e | 5–15.8 | 15 |
| Teratospermia, no. of total (%) | 5 of 17 (29.4%) | 14 of 19 (73.7%) | ||||
1Cisgender men are fertile men recently fathering a child
2Transgender women have not initiated medical or surgical gender-affirming treatment
3A range of medians from recent literature, mixed populations of men of unknown fertility assumed to be representative of the general population (references 11, 13–26)
4Fertile men: fathers with a partner with time-to-pregnancy of equal to or less than 12 months, WHO (Reference 11)
a, p = 0.044; b, p = 0.014; c, p = 0.0001; d, p = 0.0007; e, p = 0.034