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. 2019 Mar 28;8(9):911–924. doi: 10.1002/sctm.18-0256

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© 2019 The Authors. stem cells translational medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of AlphaMed Press

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Extracellular vesicles/exosomes (EV/Exs) induce MAPK/Erk1/2‐dependent migration and proliferation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)‐mismatched human allogeneic cardiac stem/progenitor cells (hCPC). (A): Migration of allogeneic hCPC in response to EV/Exs in the absence or the presence of U0126, in response to EV/Exs‐free medium (SN) or to medium alone (med). Representative images of five independent scratch wound assays at day 0 and day 3 (upper panel, scale bar: 1 mm) and percentage of wound closure (lower panel) as calculated by ImageJ software. Results are presented as mean values ± SD from five independent experiments conducted with two different EV/Exs preparations. (B): Proliferation of U0126‐pretreated or non‐HLA‐mismatched hCPC in response to EV/Exs as evaluated by Ki67 staining at 24 hours. Results are presented as mean% of Ki67‐positive cells ± SD from three independent experiments. (C): Proliferation of U0126‐pretreated or non‐HLA‐mismatched hCPC in response to EV/Exs, EV/Exs‐free medium (SN), or to medium alone (med) as evaluated by BrdU incorporation at 24 and 48 hours. Results as presented as mean absorbance values ± SD from three independent experiments. **, p < .01; ***, p < .001; ****, p < .0001 compared with medium; ^###, p < .001; ^####, p < .0001 compared with SN.