Table 1.
Characteristics of the selected studies
| Study | Design | Participants in the cohort (n) | Assessment of progression | Follow-up period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricola et al. [11] | Prospective cohort (CHECK) | 1002 (analyzed 723 patients) | THR | 5 years |
| Agricola et al. [12] | Prospective cohort (CHECK) | 1002 (analyzed 550 women) | THR due to OA | 5 years |
| Agricola et al. [12] | Nested case-control (Chingford cohort) | 1003 (analyzed 114) | THR due to OA | 19 years |
| Auquier et al. [13] | Retrospective cohort | 131 | Increase in stage of pain and function, stages minimal, moderate, moderate-severe, severe | 6–23 years |
| Barr et al. [14] | Case-control | 195 (analyzed 102 patients) | THR (compared to non-progression hips: increase of ≤ 1 K-L grade) | 5 years |
| Bastick et al. [15] | Prospective cohort (CHECK) | 545 (analyzed 363 patients) | NRS score for pain, group moderate progression compared to mild pain. Groups based on LCGA | 5 years |
| Bastick et al. [16] | Prospective cohort (CHECK) | 588 (analyzed 538) | THR | 5 years |
| Bergink et al. [17] | Prospective cohort (Rotterdam I) | 176 |
1. Increase ≥ 1 K-L grade 2. Decrease ≥ 1 mm of joint space |
Average 8.4 years |
| Birn et al. [18] | Case-control | 94 (5 cases, 89 controls) | Rapidly destructive OA: > 2 mm or > 50% JSN/year | NR |
| Birrell et al. [19] | Prospective cohort | 195 | Time to being put on a waiting list for THR | 36 months |
| Bouyer et al. [20] | Prospective cohort (KHOALA) | 242 (analyzed 133 patients) |
1. Increase ≥ 1 K-L grade 2. Increase ≥ 1 JSN score 3. Time to THR |
3 years |
| Castano Betancourt et al. [21] | Prospective cohort (GOAL) | 189 | JSN ≥ 20% compared to baseline or THR | 2 years |
| Chaganti et al. [22] | Nested case-control (SOF) | 168 cases and 173 controls | Decrease in MJS of 0.5 mm, increase of ≥ 1 in summary grade, increase ≥ 2 in total osteophyte score, or THR for OA | Average 8.3 years |
| Chevalier et al. [23] | Prospective cohort | 30 | Rapid evolution: JSN > 0.6 mm/year | 1 year |
| Conrozier et al. [24] | Case-control | 104 (analyzed 10 cases, 23 controls) | Rapidly progressive hip OA: severe hip pain, symptom onset within the last 2 years, annual rate of JSN > 1 mm, ESR < 20 mm/h, absence of detectable inflammatory or crystal-induced joint disease | NR |
| Conrozier et al. [25] | Retrospective cohort | 89 | Radiographic: YMN, calculated from MJS in mm/year | 18–300 months |
| Conrozier et al. [26] | Prospective cohort | 48 | JSN in mm/year | 1 year |
| Danielsson [27, 28] | Prospective cohort | 168 |
1. Increase in pain index 0–5 2. Operation because of hip OA 3. Increase in radiographic index 0–10 |
8–12 years |
| van Dijk et al. [29] | Prospective cohort | 123 |
1. Decrease in WOMAC function 2. Increase in seconds of timed walking test |
3 years |
| van Dijk et al. [30] | Prospective cohort | 123 |
1. Decrease in WOMAC function 2. Increase in seconds of timed walking test |
3 years |
| Dorleijn et al. [31] | Prospective cohort (GOAL) | 222 (analyzed 111 patients) | VAS score for pain, group highly progressive compared to mild pain groups based on LCGA | 2 years |
| Dougados et al. [32] | Prospective cohort (ECHODIAH) | 508 (analyzed 461 patients) | Radiological: ≥ 0.6 mm decrease in JSW | 1 year |
| Dougados et al. [33] | Prospective cohort (ECHODIAH) | 508 (analyzed 463 patients) | Radiological: > 0.5 mm decrease in JSW | 2 years |
| Dougados et al. [34] | Prospective cohort | 508 | Time to the requirement of THR | 3 years |
| Fukushima et al. [35] | Prospective cohort | 20 | Increase in Tönnis grade | 25 months |
| Golightly et al. [36] | Prospective cohort (Johnston County) | 1453 | Increase in K-L grade or increase in hip symptoms (mild, moderate, severe) | 3–13 years |
| Gossec et al. [37] | Prospective cohort | 741 (analyzed 505 patients) | THR | 2 years |
| Hartofilakidis et al. [38] | Retrospective cohort | 210 | THR | 2 to > 10 years |
| Hawker et al. [39] | Prospective cohort | 2128 | Time to THR | 6.1 years |
| Hoeven et al. [40] | Prospective cohort (Rotterdam I) | 5650 (number analyzed: NR) | Increase ≥ 1 K-L grade baseline to follow-up | 10 years |
| Holla et al. [41] | Prospective cohort (CHECK) | 588 | Moving into a higher group (quintiles of WOMAC-PF 0–68) or remaining within the three highest groups | 2 years |
| Juhakoski et al. [42] | Prospective cohort | 118 |
1. WOMAC pain (0–100) 2. WOMAC function (0–100) |
2 years |
| Kalyoncu et al. [43] | Retrolective cohort (ECHODIAH) | 192 | THR | 10 years |
| Kelman et al. [44] | Nested case-control (SOF) | 396 (cases 197, controls 199) | Decrease in minimum joint space of ≥ 0.5 mm, an increase of ≥ 1 in the summary grade, an increase of ≥ 2 in total osteophyte score, or THR | 8.3 years |
| Kerkhof et al. [45] | Prospective cohort (Rotterdam I) | 1610 | Radiologic: JSN ≤ 1.0 mm or THR during follow-up | NR |
| Kopec et al. [46] | Prospective cohort (Johnston County) | 1590 (analyzed 571 people) | Increase ≥ 1 in K-L grade | 3–13 years |
| Lane et al. [47] | Prospective cohort (SOF) | 745 | Decrease in minimum joint space of ≥ 0.5 mm, an increase of ≥ 1 in the summary grade, an increase of ≥ 2 in total osteophyte score, or THR | 8 years |
| Lane et al. [48] | Nested case-control (SOF) | 342 | Radiological: decrease in minimum joint space of ≥ 0.5 mm, an increase of ≥ 1 in the summary grade, an increase of ≥ 2 in total osteophyte score, or THR | 8.3 years |
| Laslett et al. [49] | Prospective cohort (TasOAC) | 1099 (analyzed 765 people) | WOMAC pain (0–100) | 2–4 years |
| Ledingham 1993 [50] | Prospective cohort | 136 |
1. Global assessment of radiographic change 2. THR |
3–73 months |
| Lievense et al. [51] | Prospective cohort | 224 (analyzed 163 patients) | THR | 5.8 years |
| Maillefert et al. [52] | Prospective cohort (ECHODIAH) | 508 |
1. Decrease in JSW > 50% during the first year follow-up 2. THR in 1–5 years of follow-up |
5 years |
| Mazieres et al. [53] | Prospective cohort (ECHODIAH) | 507 (analyzed 333 patients) | JSN ≥ 0.5 mm or THP | 3 years |
| Nelson et al. [54] | Prospective cohort (Johnston County) | 309 |
1. Increase in K-L grade 2. Increase in osteophyte severity grade 3. Increase in JSN severity grade |
5 years |
| Perry et al. [55] | Case-control | 44 | Radiographic: progressive deterioration | 5–14 years |
| Peters et al. [56] | Prospective cohort | 587 (analyzed 214 patients) | New Zealand score 0–80 (combination of pain and function) | 7 years |
| Pisters et al. [57] | Prospective cohort | 149 | Increase in WOMAC function on average over time (measured at 1, 2, 3, 5 years) | 5 years |
| Pollard 201et al. 2 [58] | Prospective cohort | 264 | Signs on examination of hip OA or symptoms at baseline and signs and symptoms at follow-up | 5 years |
| Reijman et al. [59] | Prospective cohort (Rotterdam I) | 1235 | JSN ≥ 1.0 mm in at least 1 of 3 compartments (lateral, superior, axial) | 6.6 years |
| Reijman et al. [60] | Prospective cohort (Rotterdam I) | 1904 | Radiologic: JSN ≤ 1.0 mm or THR during follow-up | 6.6 years |
| Reijman et al. [61] | Prospective cohort (Rotterdam I) | 1676 |
1. JSN of ≥ 1 mm 2. JSN of ≥ 1.5 mm 3. Increase of ≥ 1 K-L grade |
6.6 years |
| Solignac [62] | Prospective cohort (ECHODIAH) | 507 (analyzed 333 patients) | JSN ≥ 0.5 mm or THP | 3 years |
| van Spil et al. [63] | Prospective cohort (CHECK) | 1002 (analyzed 178 patients) | Radiographic: ≥ 1 K-L grade increase | 5 years |
| Thompson et al. [64] | Case-control | 34 cases, controls: NR | Rapidly progressive OA: loss of bone or a combined loss of bone and articular cartilage at rate > 5 mm per year | 18 months |
| Tron et al. [65] | Retrospective cohort | 39 | Mean annual JSN in mm | NR |
| Verkleij et al. [66] | Prospective cohort (GOAL) | 222 (analyzed 111 patients) | VAS score for pain, group highly progressive compared to mild pain, groups based on LCGA | 2 years |
| Vinciguerra et al. [67] | Retrospective cohort | 149 | Time to THR | Variable |
NR not reported, OA osteoarthritis THR total hip replacement, K-L grade Kellgren and Lawrence grade, MJS minimum joint space, JSN joint space narrowing, JSW joint space width, YMN yearly mean narrowing, LCGA latent class growth analysis, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, NRS numeric rating scale, VAS visual analog scale