Table 1.
Comparison between Vildagliptin and Metformin on clinical, anthropometrical, and laboratory variables (intergroup and intragroup analysis)
| Variables | Vildagliptin (baseline) | Vildagliptin (day 30) | Metformin (baseline) | Metformin (day 30) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 39.05 ± 5.32 | 39.05 ± 5.32 | 39.79 ± 7.7 | 39.79 ± 7.7 |
| Weight (kg) | 94.96 ± 14.03 | 95.05 ± 14.14 | 99.51 ± 16.11 | 98.69 ± 15.70* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 36.03 ± 3.96 | 35.63 ± 4.10 | 38.48 ± 6.12 | 37.29 ± 5.92 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 105.59 ± 10.5 | – | 106.55 ± 12.05 | – |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 116.06 ± 8.99 | – | 122.68 ± 11.95 | – |
| WHR | 0.91 ± 0.05 | – | 0.88 ± 0.07 | – |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 125.7 ± 11.91 | 122.2 ± 12.44 | 129.1 ± 18.41 | 122.3 ± 12 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.58 ± 13.41 | 72.26 ± 9.33 | 75.84 ± 10.37 | 73.79 ± 8.28 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 75.68 ± 12.68 | 69.84 ± 10.49 | 70.05 ± 12.95 | 73.11 ± 10.89 |
| Fat mass (%) | 39.55 ± 3.95 | 39.32 ± 3.87 | 41.10 ± 4.25 | 41.36 ± 3.53 |
| Lean mass (%) | 60.45 ± 6.48 | 60.68 ± 3.87 | 59.20 ± 6.13 | 58.64 ± 3.53 |
| Insulin (mIU/l) | 1.76 ± 0.90 | 1.49 ± 0.73** | 1.91 ± 1.17 | 1.57 ± 0.85 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 200.26 ± 95.07 | 193.08 ± 109 | 190.26 ± 74 | 153.6 ± 61.19*** |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.03 ± 1.79 | 7.37 ± 1.58 | 7.85 ± 2.03 | 7.2 ± 2.55 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 183.90 ± 36.74 | 182.1 ± 41.28 | 198.00 ± 37.8 | 187.8 ± 28.23 * |
| TG (mg/dl) | 161.00 ± 79.84 | 148.4 ± 83.31 | 141.21 ± 78.66 | 153.9 ± 72.75 |
| HDL-c (mg/dl) | 43.00 ± 8.19 | 44.11 ± 9.35 | 46.73 ± 11.28 | 44.32 ± 9.62* |
| LDL-c (mg/dl) | 108.60 ± 26.28 | 105.6 ± 23.24 | 112.90 ± 25.89 | 112.6 ± 22.57* |
| VLDL-c (mg/dl) | 32.26 ± 15.97 | 26.44 ± 9.51 | 28.26 ± 15.73 | 30.89 ± 14.55 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 1.15 ± 1.38 | 0.89 ± 0.7 | 0.92 ± 0.62 | 0.75 ± 0.46 |
| C-Peptide (ng/ml) | 1.74 ± 0.91 | 1.64 ± 0.74* | 1.78 ± 0.91 | 1.52 ± 0.50 |
| Grelin (pg/ml) | 45.58 ± 19.87 | 47.34 ± 23.28 | 44.32 ± 26.92 | 45.28 ± 33.36 |
| GIP (pg/ml) | 24.3 ± 14.6 | 20.48 ± 13.65 | 20.29 ± 12.28 | 23.65 ± 17.66 |
| GLP-1 (pM/l) | 1.15 ± 1.04 | 3.62 ± 3.61** | 0.98 ± 0.67 | 1.47 ± 1.32 & |
| Leptin (pg/ml) | 21,880 ± 19,430 | 21,460 ± 18,257 | 25,350 ± 13,330 | 26,250 ± 14,426 |
| Glucagon (pg/ml) | 23.47 ± 20.63 | 29.02 ± 26.4 | 31.46 ± 53.48 | 30.82 ± 46.98 |
| Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 11,950 ± 11,540 | 15,107 ± 18,173* | 11,590 ± 6151 | 12,212 ± 6723 |
| Resistin (ng/ml) | 34.01 ± 11.45 | 36.5 ± 13.81 | 36.06 ± 18.74 | 35.93 ± 20.01 |
| PP (pg/ml) | 30.17 ± 24.19 | 35.02 ± 34.45 | 33.26 ± 34.8 | 29.72 ± 29.43 |
| PYY (pg/ml) | 39.24 ± 21.73 | 36.51 ± 29.42 | 38.76 ± 36.88 | 49.51 ± 31.45 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.117 ± 1.37 | 2.018 ± 1.213 | 3.436 ± 4.04 | 2.69 ± 2.5 |
| LDLox (U/l) | 74.8 ± 31.33 | 67.31 ± 29.13* | 62.13 ± 16.81 | 62.54 ± 20.04 |
| NEFA (mmol/l) | 0.67 ± 0.23 | 0.64 ± 0.24 | 0.63 ± 0.25 | 0.65 ± 0.19 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 0.54 ± 0.61 | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.36 ± 0.90 | 0.73 ± 1.19** |
| Endothelin (pg/ml) | 1.67 ± 0.55 | 1.49 ± 0.35 | 1.62 ± 0.55 | 1.62 ± 0.58 |
| DPP4act (μM/ml/min) | 9.37 ± 3.52 | 8.05 ± 3.49 | 9.65 ± 3.73 | 9.09 ± 3.52* |
| Urinary isoprostane (pg/Mmol/g/creatinine) | 283.2 ± 299.8 | 233.4 ± 122.3 | 214.2 ± 123.9 | 223.9 ± 78.52 |
| Plasma viscosity (30 mPa s) | 1.84 ± 0.1 | 1.88 ± 0.23 | 1.88 ± 0.14 | 1.79 ± 0.13 |
| Plasma Viscosity (50 mPa s) | 1.84 ± 0.13 | 1.85 ± 0.21 | 1.81 ± 0.09 | 1.78 ± 0.12 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD
BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDLc high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDLc low density lipoprotein cholesterol, VLDLc very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, GIP glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, PP pancreatic polypeptide, PYY peptide YY, IL-6 interleukin 6, LDLox oxidized low density lipoprotein, NEFA non esterified fatty acids, DPP4act dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity
* Intragroup comparisons: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; P < 0.001
&Intergroup comparisons: &P < 0.05