Table 1.
Participant Demographicsa
Total sample | Food secure | Food insecureb | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
2662 | 1977 | 81.58 (79.63–83.53) | 685 | 18.40 (16.47–20.37) | ||
Sex | ||||||
Female | 1225 | 48.14 (45.17–51.11) | 915 | 82.49 (80.02–94.97) | 310 | 17.51 (15.03–19.98) |
Male | 1437 | 51.86 (48.89–54.83) | 1062 | 80.73 (78.06–83.40) | 375 | 19.27 (16.60–21.94) |
P = 0.30 | ||||||
Race ethnicity | ||||||
Hispanic | 986 | 18.76 (15.49–22.03) | 680 | 70.53 (66.60–74.45) | 306 | 29.47 (25.55–33.40) |
White | 819 | 66.08 (61.87–70.29) | 683 | 87.37 (85.17–89.57) | 136 | 12.63 (10.43–14.83) |
Black | 857 | 15.16 (12.66–17.66) | 614 | 70.00 (65.39–74.62) | 243 | 30.00 (25.38–34.61) |
P < 0.0001 | ||||||
Income:poverty | ||||||
4.0–5.0 | 444 | 27.35 (23.81–30.89) | 437 | 98.61 (85.93–100.00) | 7 | 1.39 (0.15–2.62) |
3.0–4.0 | 279 | 14.25 (11.44–17.05) | 254 | 91.86 (72.62–100.00) | 25 | 8.13 (3.29–100.00) |
2.0–3.0 | 358 | 14.41 (12.36–16.36) | 290 | 84.15 (69.60–98.69) | 68 | 15.85 (10.06–21.64) |
1.0–2.0 | 715 | 21.73 (19.47–24.00) | 493 | 71.30 (61.63–80.97) | 222 | 28.70 (24.06–33.33) |
<1.0 | 866 | 22.26 (19.26–25.26) | 503 | 62.44 (56.82–68.06) | 363 | 37.56 (31.94–43.18) |
P < 0.0001 | ||||||
Parental education | ||||||
No HS diploma | 702 | 15.09 (13.02–17.16) | 436 | 64.68 (59.87–69.50) | 266 | 35.32 (30.50–40.13) |
HS diploma | 570 | 19.71 (16.83–22.50) | 389 | 74.76 (69.27–80.25) | 181 | 25.24 (19.75–30.73) |
>HS diploma | 1390 | 65.20 (61.59–68.80) | 1152 | 87.55 (85.49–89.62) | 238 | 12.45 (10.38–14.51) |
P < 0.0001 | ||||||
SNAP use (subset of sample) | 1885 | 1346 | 539 | |||
Used SNAP | 626 | 33.21 (28.01–38.41) | 341 | 25.33 (21.35–29.32) | 285 | 52.88 (42.96–62.80) |
Did not use SNAP | 1259 | 66.79 (60.78–72.80) | 1005 | 74.67 (69.74–79.59) | 254 | 47.12 (38.44–55.81) |
P < 0.0001 |
Demographic breakdowns for the total sample are shown in the left-most columns. The distribution of food insecure among the total sample is shown in the center and right columns. Unweighted n's and weighted percentages with 95% CIs are reported. Statistical significance was determined through chi-square testing for difference in prevalence between groups by food security status and by demographic characteristic subcategory.
Food security was assessed with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 18-item household food security questionnaire,22 with positive response to any of the questions indicating the presence of food insecurity.
CI, confidence interval; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.