Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Aug 22;31(10):722–751. doi: 10.1089/ars.2018.7656

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© Petr Ježek et al. 2019; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

FIG. 2. — Mechanisms of insulin secretion. Emphasizing the K_ATP-dependent and K_ATP-independent pathways, which are interrelated namely by Ca²⁺ homeostasis, the scheme illustrates major metabolic and receptor-mediated pathways of insulin secretion, including the inhibitory pathways of α2-adrenergic and somatostatin (SST) receptors (α2AR, SSTR), respectively. GPRs for amino acids were not illustrated for simplicity. ASCL, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases; BCAT, branched chain ketoacid aminotransferase; CCK, cholesystokinin; CPT, carnitine palmitoyl transferase; FA, (free) fatty acids; GK, glucokinase; GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; GPRs, G-protein-coupled receptors; K_ATP, ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel; KIC, 2-ketoisocaproate; MAG, monoacylglycerol; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PKA, protein kinase A; PYY, peptide Y; RC, respiratory chain; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide.