Table III.
Parameters of T-lymphocytes’ cell death in soccer players during progressive tests until exhaustion.
| Period 1. The beginning of the competition round | Period 2. The end of the competition round | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n= 13 | ||||||
| pre-exercise | post-exercise | recovery | pre-exercise | post-exercise | recovery | |
| T-cells with disrupted | 0.06 | 13.79 | 22.57 | 3.68 | 19.55 | 1.34 |
| ΔΨm (%) | (0.00–0.93) a)** | (13.04–23.75) | (16.72–26.77) c)**** | (1.79–6.05) a)** | (18.41–26.23) b)**** | (0.56–3.38) |
| T-cells with DNA damage | 5.6 | 0.1 | 21.0 | 0.6 | 5.4 | 17.2 |
| (as fosforylated H2AX histones present) (%) | (1.4–13.2) | (0.0–3.9) b)*** | (16.3–32.5) | (0.3–2.1) | (2.5–7.3) b)* | (13.7–18.7) c)***** |
| 94.5 | 94.4 | 85.0 | 98.7 | 94.5 | 96.9 | |
| Live T-cells (%) | (90.2–96.1) | (93.2–95.7) b)*** | (84.2–86.4) c)** | (98.4–98.9)a)***** | (93.8–95.4) | (96.7–97.4) c)** |
| Early apoptotic | 4.8 | 5.1 | 14.8 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 9.5 |
| T-cells (%) | (3.5–6.1) | (3.9–6.5) b)*** | (13.3–15.6) c)** | (1.0–1.6)a)* | (4.6–6.0) b)* | (8.7–10.7) c)***** |
| Late apoptotic | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.1 |
| T-cells (%) | (0.1–0.3) | (0.1–0.15) | (0.1–0.14) | (0.0–0.01) | (0.0–0.02) b)*** | (1.8–2.4) c)*** |
| Necrotic | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| T-cells (%) | (0.1–0.2) | (0.1–0.3) | (0.1–0.2) | (0.0–0.1) | (0.0–0.2) | (0.1–0.2) |
The table presents median (interquartile range) values.
Significance levels of differences observed between analysed time points (pre-test vs. post-test vs. recovery) were assessed using Friedman’s analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Dunn’s tests with Bonferroni correction.
The results of post-hoc analyses: a) pre-exercixe vs. post-exercise; b) post-exercise vs. recovery; c) pre-exercise vs. recovery.
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001; ***** p < 0.00001
n – number of participants.