Figure 1.

Model illustration based on Aedes aegypti life cycle. Each generation contains five events: reproduction that starts a new generation, density‐dependent survival in the larval stage, density‐independent survival in the pupal stage, stabilizing selection in the adult stage, and immigration and release in the adult stage. Migration from external populations happens at the same time as release. Stabilizing natural selection happens both before and after release and migration (“SRS”), only after release and migration (“‐RS”), or only before release and migration (“SR‐”). The gray downward arrows indicate the time point of censusing the population and calculating the four measures of efficacy in each life cycle order (immediately before release)