Table 3.
The association between autoimmune disease and adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes among women with autoimmune disease and their infants in the Consortium of Safe Labor Singleton Pregnancies (n = 205521), 2002–2008.
| Women without autoimmune disease (n = 204384) | Type I Diabetes (n = 507) RR (95% CI) | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (n = 202) RR (95% CI) | Crohn’s Disease (n = 169) RR (95% CI) | Multiple Sclerosis (n = 146) RR (95% CI) | Rheumatoid Arthritis (n = 123) RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cesarean | Reference | 2.16 (2.02, 2.32)* | 1.21 (1.02, 1.44)* | 1.31 (1.08, 1.60)* | 1.33 (1.11, 1.61) * | 1.18 (0.94, 1.49) |
| Prelabor | Reference | 1.13 (1.09, 1.16)* | 1.03 (0.99, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.00, 1.11)* | 1.07 (1.02, 1.13) * | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) |
| After Induction | Reference | 2.58 (2.17, 3.06) * | 1.05 (0.66, 1.66) | 0.91 (0.50, 1.64) | 0.96 (0.53, 1.74) | 0.64 (0.29, 1.43) |
| After Spontaneous | Reference | 1.90 (1.61, 2.26)* | 1.23 (0.86, 1.77) | 1.36 (0.90, 2.05) | 1.23 (0.80, 1.87) | 1.33 (0.85, 2.09) |
| Preterm | Reference | 3.52 (3.17, 3.91)* | 2.90 (2.42, 3.48)* | 1.84 (1.37, 2.49)* | 1.67 (1.20, 2.30) * | 1.42 (0.97, 2.07) |
| Indicated | Reference | 7.12 (5.73, 8.84)* | 4.59 (3.05, 6.91)* | 1.79 (0.76, 4.20) | 1.48 (0.57, 3.81) | 0.80 (0.20, 3.10) |
| Spontaneous | Reference | 3.06 (2.61, 3.58)* | 2.62 (2.01, 3.40)* | 1.68 (1.12, 2.53)* | 1.73 (1.14, 2.64) * | 1.87 (1.23, 2.86) * |
| Preeclampsia | Reference | 1.11 (1.02, 1.20)* | 1.09 (0.96, 1.24) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.20) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.23) |
| Small for Gestational Age | Reference | 0.61 (0.43, 0.86)* | 1.68 (1.21, 2.32)* | 1.26 (0.82, 1.93) | 0.76 (0.42, 1.38) | 1.66 (1.08, 2.55) * |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Reference | 3.62 (2.84, 4.62)* | 2.99 (1.99, 4.51)* | 1.62 (0.81, 3.23) | 1.08 (0.45, 2.58) | 1.44 (0.65, 3.21) |
| NICU | Reference | 1.25 (1.16, 1.35)* | 1.13 (1.00, 1.28)* | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) |
| Admission | ||||||
| Perinatal Mortalityrowhead | Reference | 2.35 (1.12, 4.91)* | – | – | – | – |
Models adjusted for maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, preconception body mass index, health insurance, marital status, smoking in pregnancy, alcohol use in pregnancy, other chronic diseases, and census region.;
*
p < .05 indicates rates among women with autoimmune disease different than rates among women without autoimmune disease.