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Factors Influencing Vascular Calcification
| Agent/Condition | Effects on coronary artery calcification |
Effects on cardiovascular mortality |
|---|---|---|
| Statins | Increase | Decrease |
| High-intensity exercise | Increase | Decrease |
| Vitamin D | Increase | Decrease/Increase |
| Chronic kidney disease | Increase | Increase |
| Diabetes | Increase | Increase |
| Pollution | Increase | Increase |
